PROCESSES TO COMPEL APPEARANCE, Section 63. Form of summons Every summon...

ARREST OF PERSONS, Section 35. When police may arrest without warrant

CHAPTER 4, POWERS OF SUPERIOR OFFICERS OF POLICE AND AID TO THE MAGISTRA...

POWER OF COURTS, Section 21. Offences are triable, 22, 23. Sentences whi...

Section 6. Classes of Criminal Courts, 7. Territorial divisions, 8. Cour...

1. Short title, 2. Definitions, 3. Construction of references, 4. Trial ...

CHAPTER 1 to 12, Section 1 to 170, Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023-2024

 

Preamble - THE BHARATIYA SAKSHYA ADHINIYAM, 2023-2024

Part I

Chapter I - PRELIMINARY

Section 1 - Short title, application and commencements

Section 2 - Definitions

Part II - PART II

Chapter II - RELEVANCY OF FACTS

Section 3 - Evidence may be given of facts in issue and relevant facts

Section 4 to 14 - Closely connected facts

Section 4 - Relevancy of facts forming part of same transaction

Section 5 - Facts which are occasion, cause or effect of facts in issue or relevant facts

Section 6 - Motive, preparation and previous or subsequent conduct

Section 7 - Facts necessary to explain or introduce fact in issue or relevant facts

Section 8 - Things said or done by conspirator in reference to common design

Section 9 - When facts not otherwise relevant become relevant

Section 10 - Facts tending to enable Court to determine amount are relevant in suits for damages

Section 11 - Facts relevant when right or custom is in question

Section 12 - Facts showing existence of state of mind, or of body or bodily feeling

Section 13 - Facts bearing on question whether act was accidental or intentional

Section 14 - Existence of course of business when relevant

Section 15 to 25 - Admissions

Section 15 - Admission defined

Section 16 - Admission by party to proceeding or his agent

Section 17 - Admissions by persons whose position must be proved as against party to suit

Section 18 - Admissions by persons expressly referred to by party to suit

Section 19 - Proof of admissions against persons making them, and by or on their behalf

Section 20 - When oral admissions as to contents of documents are relevant

Section 21 - Admissions in civil cases when relevant

Section 22 - Confession caused by inducement, threat, coercion or promise, when irrelevant in
criminal proceeding

Section 23 - Confession to police officer

Section 24 - Consideration of proved confession affecting person making it and others jointly
under trial for same offence

Section 25 - Admissions not conclusive proof, but may estop

Section 26 to 27 - Statements by persons who cannot be called as witnesses

Section 26 - Cases in which statement of relevant fact by person who is dead or cannot be found,
etc., is relevant

Section 27 - Relevancy of certain evidence for proving, in subsequent proceeding, truth of facts
therein stated

Section 28 to 32 - Statements made under special circumstances

Section 28 - Entries in books of account when relevant

Section 29 - Relevancy of entry in public record or an electronic record made in performance of
duty

Section 30 - Relevancy of statements in maps, charts and plans

Section 31 - Relevancy of statement as to fact of public nature contained in certain Acts or
notifications

Section 32 - Relevancy of statements as to any law contained in law books including electronic
or digital form

Section 33 to 33 - How much of a statement is to be proved

Section 33 - What evidence to be given when statement forms part of a conversation, document,
electronic record, book or series of letters or papers.

Section 34 to 38 - Judgments of Courts when relevant

Section 34 - Previous judgments relevant to bar a second suit or trial

Section 35 - Relevancy of certain judgments in probate, etc., jurisdiction

Section 36 - Relevancy and effect of judgments, orders or decrees, other than those mentioned
in section 35

Section 37 - Judgments, etc., other than those mentioned in sections 34, 35 and 36 when relevant

Section 38 - Fraud or collusion in obtaining judgment, or incompetency of Court, may be
proved

Section 39 to 45 - Opinions of third persons when relevant

Section 39 - Opinions of experts

Section 40 - Facts bearing upon opinions of experts

Section 41 - Opinion as to handwriting and signature, when relevant

Section 42 - Opinion as to existence of general custom or right, when relevant

Section 43 - Opinion as to usages, tenets, etc., when relevant

Section 44 - Opinion on relationship, when relevant

Section 45 - Grounds of opinion, when relevant

Section 46 to 50 - Character when relevant

Section 46 - In civil cases character to prove conduct imputed, irrelevant

Section 47 - In criminal cases previous good character relevant

Section 48 - Evidence of character or previous sexual experience not relevant in certain cases

Section 49 - Previous bad character not relevant, except in reply

Section 50 - Character as affecting damages

Part III - ON PROOF

Chapter III - FACTS WHICH NEED NOT BE PROVED

Section 51 - Fact judicially noticeable need not be proved

Section 52 - Facts of which Court shall take judicial notice

Section 53 - Facts admitted need not be proved

Chapter IV - OF ORAL EVIDENCE

Section 54 - Proof of facts by oral evidence

Section 55 - Oral evidence to be direct

Chapter V - OF DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE

Section 56 - Proof of contents of documents

Section 57 - Primary evidence

Section 58 - Secondary evidence

Section 59 - Proof of documents by primary evidence

Section 60 - Cases in which secondary evidence relating to documents may be given

Section 61 - Electronic or digital record

Section 62 - Special provisions as to evidence relating to electronic record

Section 63 - Admissibility of electronic records

Section 64 - Rules as to notice to produce

Section 65 - Proof of signature and handwriting of person alleged to have signed or written
document produced

Section 66 - Proof as to electronic signature

Section 67 - Proof of execution of document required by law to be attested

Section 68 - Proof where no attesting witness found

Section 69 - Admission of execution by party to attested document

Section 70 - Proof when attesting witness denies execution

Section 71 - Proof of document not required by law to be attested

Section 72 - Comparison of signature, writing or seal with others admitted or proved

Section 73 - Proof as to verification of digital signature

Section 74 to 77 - Public documents

Section 74 - Public and private documents

Section 75 - Certified copies of public documents

Section 76 - Proof of documents by production of certified copies

Section 77 - Proof of other official documents

Section 78 to 93 - Presumptions as to documents

Section 78 - Presumption as to genuineness of certified copies

Section 79 - Presumption as to documents produced as record of evidence, etc

Section 80 - Presumption as to Gazettes, newspapers, and other documents

Section 81 - Presumption as to Gazettes in electronic or digital record

Section 82 - Presumption as to maps or plans made by authority of Government

Section 83 - Presumption as to collections of laws and reports of decisions

Section 84 - Presumption as to powers-of-attorney

Section 85 - Presumption as to electronic agreements

Section 86 - Presumption as to electronic records and electronic signatures

Section 87 - Presumption as to Electronic Signature Certificates

Section 88 - Presumption as to certified copies of foreign judicial records

Section 89 - Presumption as to books, maps and charts

Section 90 - Presumption as to electronic messages

Section 91 - Presumption as to due execution, etc., of documents not produced

Section 92 - Presumption as to documents thirty years old

Section 93 - Presumption as to electronic records five years old

Chapter VI - OF THE EXCLUSION OF ORAL EVIDENCE BY DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE

Section 94 - Evidence of terms of contracts, grants and other dispositions of property reduced
to form of document

Section 95 - Exclusion of evidence of oral agreement

Section 96 - Exclusion of evidence to explain or amend ambiguous document

Section 97 - Exclusion of evidence against application of document to existing facts

Section 98 - Evidence as to document unmeaning in reference to existing facts

Section 99 - Evidence as to application of language which can apply to one only of several
persons

Section 100 - Evidence as to application of language to one of two sets of facts, to neither of
which the whole correctly applies

Section 101 - Evidence as to meaning of illegible characters, etc.

Section 102 - Who may give evidence of agreement varying terms of document

Section 103 - Saving of provisions of Indian Succession Act relating to wills

Part IV - PRODUCTION AND EFFECT OF EVIDENCE

Chapter VII - OF THE BURDEN OF PROOF

Section 104 - Burden of proof

Section 105 - On whom burden of proof lies

Section 106 - Burden of proof as to particular fact

Section 107 - Burden of proving fact to be proved to make evidence admissible

Section 108 - Burden of proving that case of accused comes within exceptions

Section 109 - Burden of proving fact especially within knowledge

Section 110 - Burden of proving death of person known to have been alive within thirty years

Section 111 - Burden of proving that person is alive who has not been heard of for seven years

Section 112 - Burden of proof as to relationship in the cases of partners, landlord and tenant,
principal and agent

Section 113 - Burden of proof as to ownership

Section 114 - Proof of good faith in transactions where one party is in relation of active
confidence

Section 115 - Presumption as to certain offences

Section 116 - Birth during marriage, conclusive proof of legitimacy

Section 117 - Presumption as to abetment of suicide by a married woman

Section 118 - Presumption as to dowry death

Section 119 - Court may presume existence of certain facts

Section 120 - Presumption as to absence of consent in certain prosecution for rape

Chapter VIII - ESTOPPEL

Section 121 - Estoppel

Section 122 - Estoppel of tenant and of licensee of person in possession

Section 123 - Estoppel of acceptor of bill of exchange, bailee or licensee

Chapter IX - OF WITNESSES

Section 124 - Who may testify

Section 125 - Witness unable to communicate verbally

Section 126 - Competency of husband and wife as witnesses in certain cases

Section 127 - Judges and Magistrates

Section 128 - Communications during marriage

Section 129 - Evidence as to affairs of State

Section 130 - Official communications

Section 131 - Information as to commission of offences

Section 132 - Professional communications

Section 133 - Privilege not waived by volunteering evidence

Section 134 - Confidential communication with legal advisers

Section 135 - Production of title-deeds of witness not a party

Section 136 - Production of documents or electronic records which another person, having
possession, could refuse to produce

Section 137 - Witness not excused from answering on ground that answer will criminate

Section 138 - Accomplice

Section 139 - Number of witnesses

Chapter X - OF EXAMINATION OF WITNESSES

Section 140 - Order of production and examination of witnesses

Section 141 - Judge to decide as to admissibility of evidence

Section 142 - Examination of witnesses

Section 143 - Order of examinations

Section 144 - Cross-examination of person called to produce a document

Section 145 - Witnesses to character

Section 146 - Leading questions

Section 147 - Evidence as to matters in writing

Section 148 - Cross-examination as to previous statements in writing

Section 149 - Questions lawful in cross-examination

Section 150 - When witness to be compelled to answer

Section 151 - Court to decide when question shall be asked and when witness compelled to
answer

Section 152 - Question not to be asked without reasonable grounds

Section 153 - Procedure of Court in case of question being asked without reasonable grounds

Section 154 - Indecent and scandalous questions

Section 155 - Questions intended to insult or annoy

Section 156 - Exclusion of evidence to contradict answers to questions testing veracity

Section 157 - Question by party to his own witness

Section 158 - Impeaching credit of witness

Section 159 - Questions tending to corroborate evidence of relevant fact, admissible

Section 160 - Former statements of witness may be proved to corroborate later testimony as to
same fact

Section 161 - What matters may be proved in connection with proved statement relevant under section 26 or 27

Section 162 - Refreshing memory

Section 163 - Testimony to facts stated in document mentioned in section 162

Section 164 - Right of adverse party as to writing used to refresh memory

Section 165 - Production of documents

Section 166 - Giving, as evidence, of document called for and produced on notice

Section 167 - Using, as evidence, of document production of which was refused on notice

Section 168 - Judge’s power to put questions or order production

Chapter XI - OF IMPROPER ADMISSION AND REJECTION OF EVIDENCE

Section 169 - No new trial for improper admission or rejection of evidence

Chapter XII - REPEAL AND SAVINGS

Section 170 - Repeal and savings

 

CHAPTER 1 to 20, Section 1 to 358, Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 - 2024

Preamble - THE BHARATIYA NYAYA SANHITA, 2023 - 2024

CHAPTER I - PRELIMINARY

Section 1 - Short title, commencement and application.

Section 2 - Definitions.

Section 3 - General explanations.

CHAPTER II - OF PUNISHMENTS

Section 4 - Punishments.

Section 5 - Commutation of sentence.

Section 6 - Fractions of terms of punishment.

Section 7 - Sentence may be (in certain cases of imprisonment) wholly or partly rigorous or simple.

Section 8 - Amount of fine, liability in default of payment of fine, etc.

Section 9 - Limit of punishment of offence made up of several offences.

Section 10 - Punishment of person guilty of one of several offences, judgment stating that it is doubtful of which.

Section 11 - Solitary confinement.

Section 12 - Limit of solitary confinement.

Section 13 - Enhanced punishment for certain offences after previous conviction.

CHAPTER III - GENERAL EXCEPTIONS

Section 14 - Act done by a person bound, or by mistake of fact believing himself bound, by law.

Section 15 - Act of Judge when acting judicially.

Section 16 - Act done pursuant to judgment or order of Court.

Section 17 - Act done by a person justified, or by mistake of fact believing himself justified, by law.

Section 18 - Accident in doing a lawful act.

Section 19 - Act likely to cause harm, but done without criminal intent, and to prevent other harm.

Section 20 - Act of a child under seven years of age.

Section 21 - Act of a child above seven and under twelve years of age of immature understanding.

Section 22 - Act of a person of unsound mind.

Section 23 - Act of a person incapable of judgment by reason of intoxication caused against his will.

Section 24 - Offence requiring a particular intent or knowledge committed by one who is intoxicated.

Section 25 - Act not intended and not known to be likely to cause death or grievous hurt, done by consent.

Section 26 - Act not intended to cause death, done by consent in good faith for person’s benefit.

Section 27 - Act done in good faith for benefit of child or person of unsound mind, by, or by consent of guardian.

Section 28 - Consent known to be given under fear or misconception.

Section 29 - Exclusion of acts which are offences independently of harm caused.

Section 30 - Act done in good faith for benefit of a person without consent.

Section 31 - Communication made in good faith.

Section 32 - Act to which a person is compelled by threats.

Section 33 - Act causing slight harm.

Of right of private defence

Section 34 - Things done in private defence.

Section 35 - Right of private defence of body and of property.

Section 36 - Right of private defence against act of a person of unsound mind, etc.

Section 37 - Acts against which there is no right of private defence.

Section 38 - When right of private defence of body extends to causing death.

Section 39 - When such right extends to causing any harm other than death.

Section 40 - Commencement and continuance of right of private defence of body.

Section 41 - When right of private defence of property extends to causing death.

Section 42 - When such right extends to causing any harm other than death.

Section 43 - Commencement and continuance of right of private defence of property.

Section 44 - Right of private defence against deadly assault when there is risk of harm to innocent person.

CHAPTER IV - OF ABETMENT, CRIMINAL CONSPIRACY AND ATTEMPT

Of abetment

Section 45 - Abetment of a thing.

Section 46 - Abettor.

Section 47 - Abetment in India of offences outside India.

Section 48 - Abetment outside India for offence in India.

Section 49 - Punishment of abetment if act abetted is committed in consequence and where no express provision is made for its punishment.

Section 50 - Punishment of abetment if person abetted does act with different intention from that of abettor.

Section 51 - Liability of abettor when one act abetted and different act done.

Section 52 - Abettor when liable to cumulative punishment for act abetted and for act done.

Section 53 - Liability of abettor for an effect caused by act abetted different from that intended by abettor.

Section 54 - Abettor present when offence is committed.

Section 55 - Abetment of offence punishable with death or imprisonment for life.

Section 56 - Abetment of offence punishable with imprisonment.

Section 57 - Abetting commission of offence by public or by more than ten persons.

Section 58 - Concealing design to commit offence punishable with death or imprisonment for life.

Section 59 - Public servant concealing design to commit offence which it is his duty to prevent.

Section 60 - Concealing design to commit offence punishable with imprisonment. Of criminal conspiracy

Section 61 - Criminal conspiracy.

Of attempt

Section    62 - Punishment for attempting to commit offences punishable with imprisonment for life or other imprisonment.

CHAPTER V - OF OFFENCES AGAINST WOMAN AND CHILD

Of sexual offences

Section 63 - Rape.

Section 64 - Punishment for rape.

Section 65 - Punishment for rape in certain cases.

Section 66 - Punishment for causing death or resulting in persistent vegetative state of victim.

Section 67 - Sexual intercourse by husband upon his wife during separation.

Section 68 - Sexual intercourse by a person in authority.

Section 69 - Sexual intercourse by employing deceitful means, etc.

Section 70 - Gang rape.

Section 71 - Punishment for repeat offenders.

Section 72 - Disclosure of identity of victim of certain offences, etc.

Section 73 - Printing or publishing of any matter relating to Court proceedings without permission.

Of criminal force and assault against woman

Section 74 - Assault or use of criminal force to woman with intent to outrage her modesty.

Section 75 - Sexual harassment.

Section 76 - Assault or use of criminal force to woman with intent to disrobe.

Section 77 - Voyeurism.

Section 78 - Stalking.

Section 79 - Word, gesture or act intended to insult modesty of a woman.

Of offences relating to marriage

Section 80 - Dowry death.

Section 81 - Cohabitation caused by man deceitfully inducing belief of lawful marriage.

Section 82 - Marrying again during lifetime of husband or wife.

Section 83 - Marriage ceremony fraudulently gone through without lawful marriage.

Section 84 - Enticing or taking away or detaining with criminal intent a married woman.

Section 85 - Husband or relative of husband of a woman subjecting her to cruelty.

Section 86 - Cruelty defined.

Section 87 - Kidnapping, abducting or inducing woman to compel her marriage, etc.

Of causing miscarriage, etc.

Section 88 - Causing miscarriage.

Section 89 - Causing miscarriage without woman’s consent.

Section 90 - Death caused by act done with intent to cause miscarriage.

Section 91 - Act done with intent to prevent child being born alive or to cause to die after birth.

Section 92 - Causing death of quick unborn child by act amounting to culpable homicide.

Of offences against child

Section 93 - Exposure and abandonment of child under twelve years of age, by parent or person having care of it.

Section 94 - Concealment of birth by secret disposal of dead body.

Section 95 - Hiring, employing or engaging a child to commit an offence.

Section 96 - Procuration of child.

Section 97 - Kidnapping or abducting child under ten years of age with intent to steal from its person.

Section 98 - Selling child for purposes of prostitution, etc.

Section 99 - Buying child for purposes of prostitution, etc.

CHAPTER VI - OF OFFENCES AFFECTING THE HUMAN BODY

Of offences affecting life

Section 100 - Culpable homicide.

Section 101 - Murder.

Section 102 - Culpable homicide by causing death of person other than person whose death was intended.

Section 103 - Punishment for murder.

Section 104 - Punishment for murder by life-convict.

Section 105 - Punishment for culpable homicide not amounting to murder.

Section 106 - Causing death by negligence.

Section 107 - Abetment of suicide of child or person of unsound mind.

Section 108 - Abetment of suicide.

Section 109 - Attempt to murder.

Section 110 - Attempt to commit culpable homicide.

Section 111 - Organised crime.

Section 112 - Petty organised crime.

Section 113 - Terrorist act.

Of hurt

Section 114 - Hurt.

Section 115 - Voluntarily causing hurt.

Section 116 - Grievous hurt.

Section 117 - Voluntarily causing grievous hurt.

Section 118 - Voluntarily causing hurt or grievous hurt by dangerous weapons or means.

Section 119 - Voluntarily causing hurt or grievous hurt to extort property, or to constrain to an illegal act.

Section 120 - Voluntarily causing hurt or grievous hurt to extort confession, or to compel restoration of property.

Section 121 - Voluntarily causing hurt or grievous hurt to deter public servant from his duty.

Section 122 - Voluntarily causing hurt or grievous hurt on provocation.

Section 123 - Causing hurt by means of poison, etc., with intent to commit an offence.

Section 124 - Voluntarily causing grievous hurt by use of acid, etc.

Section 125 - Act endangering life or personal safety of others.

Of wrongful restraint and wrongful confinement

Section 126 - Wrongful restraint.

Section 127 - Wrongful confinement.

Of criminal force and assault

Section 128 - Force.

Section 129 - Criminal force.

Section 130 - Assault.

Section 131 - Punishment for assault or criminal force otherwise than on grave provocation.

Section 132 - Assault or criminal force to deter public servant from discharge of his duty.

Section 133 - Assault or criminal force with intent to dishonour person, otherwise than on grave provocation.

Section 134 - Assault or criminal force in attempt to commit theft of property carried by a person.

Section 135 - Assault or criminal force in attempt to wrongfully confine a person.

Section 136 - Assault or criminal force on grave provocation.

Of kidnapping, abduction, slavery and forced labour Section 137 - Kidnapping.

Section 138 - Abduction.

Section 139 - Kidnapping or maiming a child for purposes of begging.

Section 140 - Kidnapping or abducting in order to murder or for ransom, etc.

Section 141 - Importation of girl or boy from foreign country.

Section 142 - Wrongfully concealing or keeping in confinement, kidnapped or abducted person.

Section 143 - Trafficking of person.

Section 144 - Exploitation of a trafficked person.

Section 145 - Habitual dealing in slaves.

Section 146 - Unlawful compulsory labour.

CHAPTER VII - OF OFFENCES AGAINST THE STATE

Section 147 - Waging, or attempting to wage war, or abetting waging of war, against Government of India.

Section 148 - Conspiracy to commit offences punishable by section 147.

Section 149 - Collecting arms, etc., with intention of waging war against Government of India.

Section 150 - Concealing with intent to facilitate design to wage war.

Section 151 - Assaulting President, Governor, etc., with intent to compel or restrain exercise of any lawful power.

Section 152 - Act endangering sovereignty, unity and integrity of India.

Section 153 - Waging war against Government of any foreign State at peace with Government of India.

Section 154 - Committing depredation on territories of foreign State at peace with Government of India.

Section 155 - Receiving property taken by war or depredation mentioned in sections 153 and 154.

Section 156 - Public servant voluntarily allowing prisoner of State or war to escape.

Section 157 - Public servant negligently suffering such prisoner to escape.

Section 158 - Aiding escape of, rescuing or harbouring such prisoner.

CHAPTER VIII - OF OFFENCES RELATING TO THE ARMY, NAVY AND AIR FORCE

Section 159 - Abetting mutiny, or attempting to seduce a soldier, sailor or airman from his duty.

Section 160 - Abetment of mutiny, if mutiny is committed in consequence thereof.

Section 161 - Abetment of assault by soldier, sailor or airman on his superior officer, when in execution of his office.

Section 162 - Abetment of such assault, if assault committed.

Section 163 - Abetment of desertion of soldier, sailor or airman.

Section 164 - Harbouring deserter.

Section 165 - Deserter concealed on board merchant vessel through negligence of master.

Section 166 - Abetment of act of insubordination by soldier, sailor or airman.

Section 167 - Persons subject to certain Acts.

Section 168 - Wearing garb or carrying token used by soldier, sailor or airman.

CHAPTER IX - OF OFFENCES RELATING TO ELECTIONS Section 169 - Candidate, electoral right defined. Section 170 - Bribery.

Section 171 - Undue influence at elections.

Section 172 - Personation at elections.

Section 173 - Punishment for bribery.

Section 174 - Punishment for undue influence or personation at an election.

Section 175 - False statement in connection with an election.

Section 176 - Illegal payments in connection with an election.

Section 177 - Failure to keep election accounts.

CHAPTER X - OF OFFENCES RELATING TO COIN, CURRENCY-NOTES, BANK-NOTES, AND GOVERNMENT STAMPS

Section 178 - Counterfeiting coin, Government stamps, currency-notes or bank-notes.

Section 179 - Using as genuine, forged or counterfeit coin, Government stamp, currency-notes or bank-notes.

Section 180 - Possession of forged or counterfeit coin, Government stamp, currency-notes or bank-notes.

Section 181 - Making or possessing instruments or materials for forging or counterfeiting coin, Government stamp, currency-notes or bank-notes.

Section 182 - Making or using documents resembling currency-notes or bank-notes.

Section 183 - Effacing writing from substance bearing Government stamp, or removing from document a stamp used for it, with intent to cause loss to Government.

Section 184 - Using Government stamp known to have been before used.

Section 185 - Erasure of mark denoting that stamp has been used.

Section 186 - Prohibition of fictitious stamps.

Section 187 - Person employed in mint causing coin to be of different weight or composition from that fixed by law.

Section 188 - Unlawfully taking coining instrument from mint.

CHAPTER XI - OF OFFENCES AGAINST THE PUBLIC TRANQUILLITY

Section 189 - Unlawful assembly.

Section 190 - Every member of unlawful assembly guilty of offence committed in prosecution of common object.

Section 191 - Rioting.

Section 192 - Wantonly giving provocation with intent to cause riot-if rioting be committed; if not committed.

Section 193 - Liability of owner, occupier, etc., of land on which an unlawful assembly or riot takes place.

Section 194 - Affray.

Section 195 - Assaulting or obstructing public servant when suppressing riot, etc.

Section 196 - Promoting enmity between different groups on grounds of religion, race, place of birth, residence, language, etc., and doing acts prejudicial to maintenance of harmony.

Section 197 - Imputations, assertions prejudicial to national integration.

CHAPTER XII - OF OFFENCES BY OR RELATING TO PUBLIC SERVANTS Section 198 - Public servant disobeying law, with intent to cause injury to any person. Section 199 - Public servant disobeying direction under law. Section 200 - Punishment for non-treatment of victim.

Section 201 - Public servant framing an incorrect document with intent to cause injury.

Section 202 - Public servant unlawfully engaging in trade.

Section 203 - Public servant unlawfully buying or bidding for property.

Section 204 - Personating a public servant.

Section 205 - Wearing garb or carrying token used by public servant with fraudulent intent.

CHAPTER XIII - OF CONTEMPTS OF THE LAWFUL AUTHORITY OF PUBLIC SERVANTS

Section 206 - Absconding to avoid service of summons or other proceeding.

Section 207 - Preventing service of summons or other proceeding, or preventing publication thereof.

Section 208 - Non-attendance in obedience to an order from public servant.

Section 209 - Non-appearance in response to a proclamation under section 84 of Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023.

Section 210 - Omission to produce document or electronic record to public servant by person legally bound to produce it.

Section 211 - Omission to give notice or information to public servant by person legally bound to give it.

Section 212 - Furnishing false information.

Section 213 - Refusing oath or affirmation when duly required by public servant to make it.

Section 214 - Refusing to answer public servant authorised to question.

Section 215 - Refusing to sign statement.

Section 216 - False statement on oath or affirmation to public servant or person authorised to administer an oath or affirmation.

Section 217 - False information, with intent to cause public servant to use his lawful power to injury of another person.

Section 218 - Resistance to taking of property by lawful authority of a public servant.

Section 219 - Obstructing sale of property offered for sale by authority of public servant.

Section 220 - Illegal purchase or bid for property offered for sale by authority of public servant.

Section 221 - Obstructing public servant in discharge of public functions.

Section 222 - Omission to assist public servant when bound by law to give assistance.

Section 223 - Disobedience to order duly promulgated by public servant.

Section 224 - Threat of injury to public servant.

Section 225 - Threat of injury to induce person to refrain from applying for protection to public servant.

Section 226 - Attempt to commit suicide to compel or restrain exercise of lawful power.

CHAPTER XIV - OF FALSE EVIDENCE AND OFFENCES AGAINST PUBLIC JUSTICE

Section 227 - Giving false evidence.

Section 228 - Fabricating false evidence.

Section 229 - Punishment for false evidence.

Section 230 - Giving or fabricating false evidence with intent to procure conviction of capital offence.

Section 231 - Giving or fabricating false evidence with intent to procure conviction of offence punishable with imprisonment for life or imprisonment.

Section 232 - Threatening any person to give false evidence.

Section 233 - Using evidence known to be false.

Section 234 - Issuing or signing false certificate.

Section 235 - Using as true a certificate known to be false.

Section 236 - False statement made in declaration which is by law receivable as evidence.

Section 237 - Using as true such declaration knowing it to be false.

Section 238 - Causing disappearance of evidence of offence, or giving false information to screen offender.

Section 239 - Intentional omission to give information of offence by person bound to inform.

Section 240 - Giving false information respecting an offence committed.

Section 241 - Destruction of document or electronic record to prevent its production as evidence.

Section 242 - False personation for purpose of act or proceeding in suit or prosecution.

Section 243 - Fraudulent removal or concealment of property to prevent its seizure as forfeited or in execution.

Section 244 - Fraudulent claim to property to prevent its seizure as forfeited or in execution.

Section 245 - Fraudulently suffering decree for sum not due.

Section 246 - Dishonestly making false claim in Court.

Section 247 - Fraudulently obtaining decree for sum not due.

Section 248 - False charge of offence made with intent to injure.

Section 249 - Harbouring offender.

Section 250 - Taking gift, etc., to screen an offender from punishment.

Section 251 - Offering gift or restoration of property in consideration of screening offender.

Section 252 - Taking gift to help to recover stolen property, etc.

Section 253 - Harbouring offender who has escaped from custody or whose apprehension has been ordered.

Section 254 - Penalty for harbouring robbers or dacoits.

Section 255 - Public servant disobeying direction of law with intent to save person from punishment or property from forfeiture.

Section 256 - Public servant framing incorrect record or writing with intent to save person from punishment or property from forfeiture.

Section 257 - Public servant in judicial proceeding corruptly making report, etc., contrary to law.

Section 258 - Commitment for trial or confinement by person having authority who knows that he is acting contrary to law.

Section 259 - Intentional omission to apprehend on part of public servant bound to apprehend.

Section 260 - Intentional omission to apprehend on part of public servant bound to apprehend person under sentence or lawfully committed.

Section 261 - Escape from confinement or custody negligently suffered by public servant.

Section 262 - Resistance or obstruction by a person to his lawful apprehension.

Section 263 - Resistance or obstruction to lawful apprehension of another person.

Section 264 - Omission to apprehend, or sufferance of escape, on part of public servant, in cases not otherwise provided for.

Section 265 - Resistance or obstruction to lawful apprehension or escape or rescue in cases not otherwise provided for.

Section 266 - Violation of condition of remission of punishment.

Section 267 - Intentional insult or interruption to public servant sitting in judicial proceeding.

Section 268 - Personation of assessor.

Section 269 - Failure by person released on bail bond or bond to appear in Court.

CHAPTER XV - OF OFFENCES AFFECTING THE PUBLIC HEALTH, SAFETY,

CONVENIENCE, DECENCY AND MORALS Section 270 - Public nuisance.

Section 271 - Negligent act likely to spread infection of disease dangerous to life.

Section 272 - Malignant act likely to spread infection of disease dangerous to life.

Section 273 - Disobedience to quarantine rule.

Section 274 - Adulteration of food or drink intended for sale.

Section 275 - Sale of noxious food or drink.

Section 276 - Adulteration of drugs.

Section 277 - Sale of adulterated drugs.

Section 278 - Sale of drug as a different drug or preparation.

Section 279 - Fouling water of public spring or reservoir.

Section 280 - Making atmosphere noxious to health.

Section 281 - Rash driving or riding on a public way.

Section 282 - Rash navigation of vessel.

Section 283 - Exhibition of false light, mark or buoy.

Section 284 - Conveying person by water for hire in unsafe or overloaded vessel.

Section 285 - Danger or obstruction in public way or line of navigation.

Section 286 - Negligent conduct with respect to poisonous substance.

Section 287 - Negligent conduct with respect to fire or combustible matter.

Section 288 - Negligent conduct with respect to explosive substance.

Section 289 - Negligent conduct with respect to machinery.

Section 290 - Negligent conduct with respect to pulling down, repairing or constructing buildings, etc.

Section 291 - Negligent conduct with respect to animal.

Section 292 - Punishment for public nuisance in cases not otherwise provided for.

Section 293 - Continuance of nuisance after injunction to discontinue.

Section 294 - Sale, etc., of obscene books, etc.

Section 295 - Sale, etc., of obscene objects to child.

Section 296 - Obscene acts and songs.

Section 297 - Keeping lottery office.

CHAPTER XVI - OF OFFENCES RELATING TO RELIGION

Section 298 - Injuring or defiling place of worship with intent to insult religion of any class.

Section 299 - Deliberate and malicious acts, intended to outrage religious feelings of any class by insulting its religion or religious beliefs.

Section 300 - Disturbing religious assembly.

Section 301 - Trespassing on burial places, etc.

Section 302 - Uttering words, etc., with deliberate intent to wound religious feelings of any person.

CHAPTER XVII - OF OFFENCES AGAINST PROPERTY

Of theft

Section 303 - Theft.

Section 304 - Snatching.

Section 305 - Theft in a dwelling house, or means of transportation or place of worship, etc.

Section 306 - Theft by clerk or servant of property in possession of master.

Section 307 - Theft after preparation made for causing death, hurt or restraint in order to committing of theft.

Of extortion

Section 308 - Extortion.

Of robbery and dacoity

Section 309 - Robbery.

Section 310 - Dacoity.

Section 311 - Robbery, or dacoity, with attempt to cause death or grievous hurt.

Section 312 - Attempt to commit robbery or dacoity when armed with deadly weapon.

Section 313 - Punishment for belonging to gang of robbers, etc. Of criminal misappropriation of property

Section 314 - Dishonest misappropriation of property.

Section 315 - Dishonest misappropriation of property possessed by deceased person at the time of his death.

Of criminal breach of trust

Section 316 - Criminal breach of trust.

Of receiving stolen property

Section 317 - Stolen property.

Of cheating

Section 318 - Cheating.

Section 319 - Cheating by personation.

Of fraudulent deeds and dispositions of property

Section 320 - Dishonest or fraudulent removal or concealment of property to prevent distribution among creditors.

Section 321 - Dishonestly or fraudulently preventing debt being available for creditors.

Section 322 - Dishonest or fraudulent execution of deed of transfer containing false statement of consideration.

Section 323 - Dishonest or fraudulent removal or concealment of property.

Of mischief

Section 324 - Mischief.

Section 325 - Mischief by killing or maiming animal.

Section 326 - Mischief by injury, inundation, fire or explosive substance, etc.


Section 327 - Mischief with intent to destroy or make unsafe a rail, aircraft, decked vessel or one of twenty tons burden.

Section 328 - Punishment for intentionally running vessel aground or ashore with intent to commit theft, etc.

Of criminal trespass

Section 329 - Criminal trespass and house-trespass.

Section 330 - House-trespass and house-breaking.

Section 331 - Punishment for house-trespass or house-breaking.

Section 332 - House-trespass in order to commit offence.

Section 333 - House-trespass after preparation for hurt, assault or wrongful restraint.

Section 334 - Dishonestly breaking open receptacle containing property.

CHAPTER XVIII - OF OFFENCES RELATING TO DOCUMENTS AND TO
PROPERTY MARKS

Section 335 - Making a false document.

Section 336 - Forgery.

Section 337 - Forgery of record of Court or of public register, etc.

Section 338 - Forgery of valuable security, will, etc.

Section 339 - Having possession of document described in section 337 or section 338, knowing it to be forged and intending to use it as genuine.

Section 340 - Forged document or electronic record and using it as genuine.

Section 341 - Making or possessing counterfeit seal, etc., with intent to commit forgery punishable under section 338.

Section 342 - Counterfeiting device or mark used for authenticating documents described in section 338, or possessing counterfeit marked material.

Section 343 - Fraudulent cancellation, destruction, etc., of will, authority to adopt, or valuable security.

Section 344 - Falsification of accounts.

Of property marks

Section 345 - Property mark.

Section 346 - Tampering with property mark with intent to cause injury.

Section 347 - Counterfeiting a property mark.

Section 348 - Making or possession of any instrument for counterfeiting a property mark.

Section 349 - Selling goods marked with a counterfeit property mark.

Section 350 - Making a false mark upon any receptacle containing goods.

CHAPTER XIX - OF CRIMINAL INTIMIDATION, INSULT, ANNOYANCE,
DEFAMATION, ETC.

Section 351 - Criminal intimidation.

Section 352 - Intentional insult with intent to provoke breach of peace.

Section 353 - Statements conducing to public mischief.

Section 354 - Act caused by inducing person to believe that he will be rendered an object of Divine displeasure.

Section 355 - Misconduct in public by a drunken person.

Of defamation

Section 356 - Defamation.

Of breach of contract to attend on and supply wants of helpless person Section 357 - Breach of contract to attend on and supply wants of helpless person.

CHAPTER XX - REPEAL AND SAVINGS Section 358 - Repeal and savings.

Statement of Objects and Reasons - STATEMENT OF OBJECTS AND REASONS

CHAPTER 1 to 39, Section 1 to 531, BHARATIYA NAGARIK SURAKSHA SANHITA, 2...

Preamble - BHARATIYA NAGARIK SURAKSHA SANHITA, 2023

CHAPTER I - PRELIMINARY

Section 1 - Short title, extent and commencement

Section 2 - Definitions

Section 3 - Construction of references

Section 4 - Trial of offences under Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 and other laws

Section 5 - Saving

CHAPTER II - CONSTITUTION OF CRIMINAL COURTS AND OFFICES

Section 6 - Classes of Criminal Courts

Section 7 - Territorial divisions

Section 8 - Court of Session

Section 9 - Courts of Judicial Magistrates

Section 10 - Chief Judicial Magistrate and Additional Chief Judicial Magistrate, etc

Section 11 - Special Judicial Magistrates

Section 12 - Local Jurisdiction of Judicial Magistrates

Section 13 - Subordination of Judicial Magistrates

Section 14 - Executive Magistrates

Section 15 - Special Executive Magistrates

Section 16 - Local Jurisdiction of Executive Magistrates

Section 17 - Subordination of Executive Magistrates

Section 18 - Public Prosecutors

Section 19 - Assistant Public Prosecutors

Section 20 - Directorate of Prosecution

CHAPTER III - POWER OF COURTS

Section 21 - Courts by which offences are triable

Section 22 - Sentences which High Courts and Sessions Judges may pass

Section 23 - Sentences which Magistrates may pass

Section 24 - Sentence of imprisonment in default of fine

Section 25 - Sentence in cases of conviction of several offences at one trial

Section 26 - Mode of conferring powers

Section 27 - Powers of officers appointed

Section 28 - Withdrawal of powers

Section 29 - Powers of Judges and Magistrates exercisable by their successors- in- office

CHAPTER IV - POWERS OF SUPERIOR OFFICERS OF POLICE AND AID TO THE MAGISTRATES AND THE POLICE

Section 30 - Powers of superior officers of police

Section 31 - Public when to assist Magistrates and police

Section 32 - Aid to person, other than police officer, executing warrant

Section 33 - Public to give information of certain offences

Section 34 - Duty of officers employed in connection with affairs of a village to make certain report

CHAPTER V - ARREST OF PERSONS

Section 35 - When police may arrest without warrant

Section 36 - Procedure of arrest and duties of officer making arrest

Section 37 - Designated police officer

Section 38 - Right of arrested person to meet an advocate of his choice during interrogation

Section 39 - Arrest on refusal to give name and residence

Section 40 - Arrest by private person and procedure on such arrest

Section 41 - Arrest by Magistrate

Section 42 - Protection of members of Armed Forces from arrest

Section 43 - Arrest how made

Section 44 - Search of place entered by person sought to be arrested

Section 45 - Pursuit of offenders into other jurisdictions

Section 46 - No unnecessary restraint

Section 47 - Person arrested to be informed of grounds of arrest and of right to bail

Section 48 - Obligation of person making arrest to inform about arrest, etc., to relative or friend

Section 49 - Search of arrested person

Section 50 - Power to seize offensive weapons

Section 51 - Examination of accused by medical practitioner at request of police officer

Section 52 - Examination of person accused of rape by medical practitioner

Section 53 - Examination of arrested person by medical officer

Section 54 - Identification of person arrested

Section 55 - Procedure when police officer deputes subordinate to arrest without warrant

Section 56 - Health and safety of arrested person

Section 57 - Person arrested to be taken before Magistrate or officer in charge of police station

Section 58 - Person arrested not to be detained more than twenty- four hours

Section 59 - Police to report apprehensions

Section 60 - Discharge of person apprehended

Section 61 - Power, on escape, to pursue and retake

Section 62 - Arrest to be made strictly according to Sanhita

CHAPTER VI - PROCESSES TO COMPEL APPEARANCE

1. A.   Summons

Section 63 - Form of summons

Section 64 - Summons how served

Section 65 - Service of summons on corporate bodies, firms, and societies

Section 66 - Service when persons summoned cannot be found

Section 67 - Procedure when service cannot be effected as before provided

Section 68 - Service on Government servant

Section 69 - Service of summons outside local limits

Section 70 - Proof of service in such cases and when serving officer not present

Section71 - Service of summons on witness

1. A.  Warrant of arrest

Section 72 - Form of warrant of arrest and duration

Section 73 - Power to direct security to be taken

Section 74 - Warrants to whom directed

Section 75 - Warrant may be directed to any person

Section 76 - Warrant directed to police officer

Section 77 - Notification of substance of warrant

Section 78 - Person arrested to be brought before Court without delay

Section 79 - Where warrant may be executed

Section 80 - Warrant forwarded for execution outside jurisdiction

Section 81 - Warrant directed to police officer for execution outside jurisdiction

Section 82 - Procedure on arrest of person against whom warrant issued

Section 83 - Procedure by Magistrate before whom such person arrested is brought

1. B.   Proclamation and attachment

Section 84 - Proclamation for person absconding

Section 85 - Attachment of property of person absconding

Section 86 - Identification and attachment of property of proclaimed person

Section 87 - Claims and objections to attachment

Section 88 - Release, sale and restoration of attached property

Section 89 - Appeal from order rejecting application for restoration of attached property

C.   Other rules regarding processes

Section 90 - Issue of warrant in lieu of, or in addition to, summons

Section 91 - Power to take bond or bail bond for appearance

Section 92 - Arrest on breach of bond or bail bond for appearance

Section 93 - Provisions of this Chapter generally applicable to summons and warrants of arrest

CHAPTER VII - PROCESSES TO COMPEL THE PRODUCTION OF THINGS

Summons to produce

Section 94 - Summons to produce document or other thing

Section 95 - Procedure as to letters

1. A.  Search- warrants

Section 96 - When search- warrant may be issued

Section 97 - Search of place suspected to contain stolen property, forged documents, etc

Section 98 - Power to declare certain publications forfeited and to issue search- warrants for same

Section 99 - Application to High Court to set aside declaration of forfeiture

Section 100 - Search for persons wrongfully confined

Section 101 - Power to compel restoration of abducted females

1. B.  General provisions relating to searches

Section 102 - Direction, etc., of search- warrants

Section 103 - Persons in charge of closed place to allow search

Section 104 - Disposal of things found in search beyond jurisdiction

1. C.   Miscellaneous

Section 105 - Recording of search and seizure through audio- video electronic means

Section 106 - Power of police officer to seize certain property

Section 107 - Attachment, forfeiture or restoration of property

Section 108 - Magistrate may direct search in his presence

Section 109 - Power to impound document, etc., produced

Section 110 - Reciprocal arrangements regarding processes

CHAPTER VIII - RECIPROCAL ARRANGEMENTS FOR ASSISTANCE IN CERTAIN MATTERS AND PROCEDURE FOR ATTACHMENT AND FORFEITURE OF PROPERTY

Section 111 - Definitions

Section 112 - Letter of request to competent authority for investigation in a country or place outside India

Section 113 - Letter of request from a country or place outside India to a Court or an authority for investigation in India

Section 114 - Assistance in securing transfer of persons

Section 115 - Assistance in relation to orders of attachment or forfeiture of property

Section 116 - Identifying unlawfully acquired property

Section 117 - Seizure or attachment of property

Section 118 - Management of properties seized or forfeited under this Chapter

Section 119 - Notice of forfeiture of property

Section 120 - Forfeiture of property in certain cases

Section 121 - Fine in lieu of forfeiture

Section 122 - Certain transfers to be null and void

Section 123 - Procedure in respect of letter of request Section 124 - Application of this Chapter

CHAPTER IX - SECURITY FOR KEEPING THE PEACE AND FOR GOOD BEHAVIOUR

Section 125 - Security for keeping peace on conviction

Section 126 - Security for keeping peace in other cases

Section 127 - Security for good behaviour from persons disseminating certain matters

Section 128 - Security for good behaviour from suspected persons

Section 129 - Security for good behaviour from habitual offenders

Section 130 - Order to be made

Section 131 - Procedure in respect of person present in Court

Section 132 - Summons or warrant in case of person not so present

Section 133 - Copy of order to accompany summons or warrant

Section 134 - Power to dispense with personal attendance

Section 135 - Inquiry as to truth of information

Section 136 - Order to give security

Section 137 - Discharge of person informed against

Section 138 - Commencement of period for which security is required

Section 139 - Contents of bond

Section 140 - Power to reject sureties

Section 141 - Imprisonment in default of security

Section 142 - Power to release persons imprisoned for failing to give security

Section 143 - Security for unexpired period of bond

CHAPTER X - ORDER FOR MAINTENANCE OF WIVES, CHILDREN AND PARENTS

Section 144 - Order for maintenance of wives, children and parents

Section 145 - Procedure

Section 146 - Alteration in allowance

Section 147 - Enforcement of order of maintenance

CHAPTER XI - MAINTENANCE OF PUBLIC ORDER AND TRANQUILLITY

A.   Unlawful assemblies

Section 148 - Dispersal of assembly by use of civil force

Section 149 - Use of armed forces to disperse assembly

Section 150 - Power of certain armed force officers to disperse assembly

Section 151 - Protection against prosecution for acts done under

sections 148, 149 and 150

 

B.  Public nuisances Section

152 - Conditional order for removal of nuisance

Section 153 - Service or notification of order

Section 154 - Person to whom order is addressed to obey or show cause

Section 155 - Penalty for failure to comply with section 154

Section 156 - Procedure where existence of public right is denied

Section 157 - Procedure where person against whom order is made under

section 152 appears to show cause

Section 158 - Power of Magistrate to direct local investigation and examination of an expert

Section 159 - Power of Magistrate to furnish written instructions, etc

Section 160 - Procedure on order being made absolute and consequences of disobedience

Section 161 - Injunction pending inquiry

Section 162 - Magistrate may prohibit repetition or continuance of public nuisance

1. A.  Urgent cases of nuisance or apprehended danger

Section 163 - Power to issue order in urgent cases of nuisance or apprehended danger

1. B.    Disputes as to immovable property

Section 164 - Procedure where dispute concerning land or water is likely to cause breach of peace

Section 165 - Power to attach subject of dispute and to appoint receiver

Section 166 - Dispute concerning right of use of land or water

Section 167 - Local inquiry

CHAPTER XII - PREVENTIVE ACTION OF THE POLICE

Section 168 - Police to prevent cognizable offences

Section 169 - Information of design to commit cognizable offences

Section 170 - Arrest to prevent commission of cognizable offences

Section 171 - Prevention of injury to public property

Section 172 - Persons bound to conform to lawful directions of police

CHAPTER XIII - INFORMATION TO THE POLICE AND THEIR POWERS TO INVESTIGATE

Section 173 - Information in cognizable cases

Section 174 - Information as to non- cognizable cases and investigation of such cases

Section 175 - Police officer's power to investigate cognizable case

Section 176 - Procedure for investigation

Section 177 - Report how submitted

Section 178 - Power to hold investigation or preliminary inquiry

Section 179 - Police officer's power to require attendance of witnesses

Section 180 - Examination of witnesses by police

Section 181 - Statements to police and use thereof

Section 182 - No inducement to be offered

Section 183 - Recording of confessions and statements

Section 184 - Medical examination of victim of rape

Section 185 - Search by police officer

Section 186 - When officer in charge of police station may require another to issue search- warrant

Section 187 - Procedure when investigation cannot be completed in twenty- four hours

Section 188 - Report of investigation by subordinate police officer

Section 189 - Release of accused when evidence deficient

Section 190 - Cases to be sent to Magistrate, when evidence is sufficient

Section 191 - Complainant and witnesses not to be required to accompany police officer and not to be subject to restraint

Section 192 - Diary of proceedings in investigation

Section 193 - Report of police officer on completion of investigation

Section 194 - Police to enquire and report on suicide, etc

Section 195 - Power to summon persons

Section 196 - Inquiry by Magistrate into cause of death

CHAPTER XIV - JURISDICTION OF THE CRIMINAL COURTS IN INQUIRIES AND TRIALS

Section 197 - Ordinary place of inquiry and trial

Section 198 - Place of inquiry or trial

Section 199 - Offence triable where act is done or consequence ensues

Section 200 - Place of trial where act is an offence by reason of relation to other offence

Section 201 - Place of trial in case of certain offences

Section 202 - Offences committed by means of electronic communications, letters, etc

Section 203 - Offence committed on journey or voyage

Section 204 - Place of trial for offences triable together

Section 205 - Power to order cases to be tried in different sessions divisions

Section 206 - High Court to decide, in case of doubt, district where inquiry or trial shall take place

Section 207 - Power to issue summons or warrant for offence committed beyond local jurisdiction

Section 208 - Offence committed outside India

Section 209 - Receipt of evidence relating to offences committed outside India

CHAPTER XV - CONDITIONS REQUISITE FOR INITIATION OF PROCEEDINGS

Section 210 - Cognizance of offences by Magistrate

Section 211 - Transfer on application of accused

Section 212 - Making over of cases to Magistrates

Section 213 - Cognizance of offences by Court of Session

Section 214 - Additional Sessions Judges to try cases made over to them

Section 215 - Prosecution for contempt of lawful authority of public servants, for offences against public justice and for offences relating to documents given in evidence

Section 216 - Procedure for witnesses in case of threatening, etc

Section 217 - Prosecution for offences against State and for criminal conspiracy to commit such offence

Section 218 - Prosecution of Judges and public servants

Section 219 - Prosecution for offences against marriage

Section 220 - Prosecution of offences under section 85 of Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023

Section 221 - Cognizance of offence

Section 222 - Prosecution for defamation

CHAPTER XVI - COMPLAINTS TO MAGISTRATES

Section 223 - Examination of complainant

Section 224 - Procedure by Magistrate not competent to take cognizance of case

Section 225 - Postponement of issue of process

Section 226 - Dismissal of complaint

CHAPTER XVII - COMMENCEMENT OF PROCEEDINGS BEFORE MAGISTRATES

Section 227 - Issue of process

Section 228 - Magistrate may dispense with personal attendance of accused

Section 229 - Special summons in cases of petty offence

Section 230 - Supply to accused of copy of police report and other documents

Section 231 - Supply of copies of statements and documents to accused in other cases triable by Court of Session

Section 232 - Commitment of case to Court of Session when offence is triable exclusively by it

Section 233 - Procedure to be followed when there is a complaint case and police investigation in respect of same offence

CHAPTER XVIII - THE CHARGE

1. A.  Form of charges

Section 234 - Contents of charge

Section 235 - Particulars as to time, place and person

Section 236 - When manner of committing offence must be stated

Section 237 - Words in charge taken in sense of law under which offence is punishable

Section 238 - Effect of errors

Section 239 - Court may alter charge

Section 240 - Recall of witnesses when charge altered

1. B.  Joinder of charges

Section 241 - Separate charges for distinct offences

Section 242 - Offences of same kind within year may be charged together

Section 243 - Trial for more than one offence

Section 244 - Where it is doubtful what offence has been committed

Section 245 - When offence proved included in offence charged

Section 246 - What persons may be charged jointly

Section 247 - Withdrawal of remaining charges on conviction on one of several charges

CHAPTER XIX - TRIAL BEFORE A COURT OF SESSION

Section 248 - Trial to be conducted by Public Prosecutor

Section 249 - Opening case for prosecution

Section 250 - Discharge

Section 251 - Framing of charge

Section 252 - Conviction on plea of guilty

Section 253 - Date for prosecution evidence

Section 254 - Evidence for prosecution

Section 255 - Acquittal

Section 256 - Entering upon defence

Section 257 - Arguments

Section 258 - Judgment of acquittal or conviction

Section 259 - Previous conviction

Section 260 - Procedure in cases instituted under sub- section (2) ofsection 222

CHAPTER XX - TRIAL OF WARRANT- CASES BY MAGISTRATES

1. A.   Cases instituted on a police report

Section 261 - Compliance with section 230

Section 262 - When accused shall be discharged

Section 263 - Framing of charge

Section 264 - Conviction on plea of guilty

Section 265 - Evidence for prosecution

Section 266 - Evidence for defence

1. B.  Cases instituted otherwise than on police report

Section 267 - Evidence for prosecution

Section 268 - When accused shall be discharged

Section 269 - Procedure where accused is not discharged

Section 270 - Evidence for defence

1. C.  Conclusion of trial

Section 271 - Acquittal or conviction

Section 272 - Absence of complainant

Section 273 - Compensation for accusation without reasonable cause

CHAPTER XXI - TRIAL OF SUMMONS- CASES BY MAGISTRATES

Section 274 - Substance of accusation to be stated

Section 275 - Conviction on plea of guilty

Section 276 - Conviction on plea of guilty in absence of accused in petty cases

Section 277 - Procedure when not convicted

Section 278 - Acquittal or conviction

Section 279 - Non- appearance or death of complainant

Section 280 - Withdrawal of complaint

Section 281 - Power to stop proceedings in certain cases

Section 282 - Power of Court to convert summons- cases into warrant- cases

CHAPTER XXII - TRIAL OF SUMMONS- CASES BY MAGISTRATES

Section 283 - Power to try summarily

Section 284 - Summary trial by Magistrate of second class

Section 285 - Procedure for summary trials

Section 286 - Record in summary trials

Section 287 - Judgment in cases tried summarily

Section 288 - Language of record and judgment

CHAPTER XXIII - PLEA BARGAINING

Section 289 - Application of Chapter

Section 290 - Application for plea bargaining

Section 291 - Guidelines for mutually satisfactory disposition

Section 292 - Report of mutually satisfactory disposition to be submitted before Court

Section 293 - Disposal of case

Section 294 - Judgment of Court Section 295 - Finality of judgment

Section 296 - Power of Court in plea bargaining

Section  297  -  Period  of  detention  undergone  by  accused  to  be  set  off  against  sentence  of imprisonment

Section 298 - Savings

Section 299 - Statements of accused not to be used

Section 300 - Non- application of Chapter

CHAPTER XXIV - ATTENDANCE OF PERSONS CONFINED OR DETAINED IN PRISONS

Section 301 - Definitions

Section 302 - Power to require attendance of prisoners

Section 303 - Power of State Government or Central Government to exclude certain persons from operation of section 302

Section 304 - Officer in charge of prison to abstain from carrying out order in certain contingencies

Section 305 - Prisoner to be brought to Court in custody

Section 306 - Power to issue commission for examination of witness in prison

CHAPTER XXV - EVIDENCE IN INQUIRIES AND TRIALS

1. A.   Mode of taking and recording evidence

Section 307 - Language of Courts

Section 308 - Evidence to be taken in presence of accused

Section 309 - Record in summons- cases and inquiries

Section 310 - Record in warrant- cases

Section 311 - Record in trial before Court of Session

Section 312 - Language of record of evidence

Section 313 - Procedure in regard to such evidence when completed

Section 314 - Interpretation of evidence to accused or his advocate

Section 315 - Remarks respecting demeanour of witness

Section 316 - Record of examination of accused

Section 317 - Interpreter to be bound to interpret truthfully

Section 318 - Record in High Court

1. B.  Commissions for the examination of witnesses

Section 319 - When attendance of witness may be dispensed with and commission issued

Section 320 - Commission to whom to be issued

Section 321 - Execution of commissions

Section 322 - Parties may examine witnesses

Section 323 - Return of commission

Section 324 - Adjournment of proceeding

Section 325 - Execution of foreign commissions

Section 326 - Deposition of medical witness

Section 327 - Identification report of Magistrate

Section 328 - Evidence of officers of Mint

Section 329 - Reports of certain Government scientific experts

Section 330 - No formal proof of certain documents

Section 331 - Affidavit in proof of conduct of public servants

Section 332 - Evidence of formal character on affidavit

Section 333 - Authorities before whom affidavits may be sworn

Section 334 - Previous conviction or acquittal how proved

Section 335 - Record of evidence in absence of accused

Section 336 - Evidence of public servants, experts, police officers in certain cases

CHAPTER XXVI - GENERAL PROVISIONS AS TO INQUIRIES AND TRIALS

Section 337 - Person once convicted or acquitted not to be tried for same offence

Section 338 - Appearance by Public Prosecutors

Section 339 - Permission to conduct prosecution

Section 340 - Right of person against whom proceedings are instituted to be defended

Section 341 - Legal aid to accused at State expense in certain cases

Section 342 - Procedure when corporation or registered society is an accused

Section 343 - Tender of pardon to accomplice

Section 344 - Power to direct tender of pardon

Section 345 - Trial of person not complying with conditions of pardon

Section 346 - Power to postpone or adjourn proceedings

Section 347 - Local inspection

Section 348 - Power to summon material witness, or examine person present

Section 349 - Power of Magistrate to order person to give specimen signatures or handwriting, etc

Section 350 - Expenses of complainants and witnesses

Section 351 - Power to examine accused

Section 352 - Oral arguments and memorandum of arguments

Section 353 - Accused person to be competent witness

Section 354 - No influence to be used to induce disclosure

Section 355 - Provision for inquiries and trial being held in absence of accused in certain cases

Section 356 - Inquiry, trial or judgment in absentia of proclaimed offender

Section 357 - Procedure where accused does not understand proceedings

Section 358 - Power to proceed against other persons appearing to be guilty of offence

Section 359 - Compounding of offences

Section 360 - Withdrawal from prosecution

Section 361 - Procedure in cases which Magistrate cannot dispose of

Section 362 - Procedure when after commencement of inquiry or trial, Magistrate finds case should be committed

Section 363 - Trial of persons previously convicted of offences against coinage, stamp- law or property

Section 364 - Procedure when Magistrate cannot pass sentence sufficiently severe

Section 365 - Conviction or commitment on evidence partly recorded by one Magistrate and partly by another

Section 366 - Court to be open

CHAPTER XXVII - PROVISIONS AS TO ACCUSED PERSONS OF UNSOUND MIND

Section 367 - Procedure in case of accused being person of unsound mind

Section 368 - Procedure in case of person of unsound mind tried before Court

Section 369 - Release of person of unsound mind pending investigation or trial

Section 370 - Resumption of inquiry or trial

Section 371 - Procedure on accused appearing before Magistrate or Court

Section 372 - When accused appears to have been of sound mind

Section 373 - Judgment of acquittal on ground of unsoundness of mind

Section 374 - Person acquitted on ground of unsoundness of mind to be detained in safe custody

Section 375 - Power of State Government to empower officer in charge to discharge

Section 376 - Procedure where prisoner of unsound mind is reported capable of making his defence

Section 377 - Procedure where person of unsound mind detained is declared fit to be released

Section 378 - Delivery of person of unsound mind to care of relative or friend

CHAPTER XXVIII - PROVISIONS AS TO OFFENCES AFFECTING THE ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE

Section 379 - Procedure in cases mentioned in section 215

Section 380 - Appeal

Section 381 - Power to order costs

Section 382 - Procedure of Magistrate taking cognizance

Section 383 - Summary procedure for trial for giving false evidence

Section 384 - Procedure in certain cases of contempt

Section 385 - Procedure where Court considers that case should not be dealt with under section 384

Section 386 - When Registrar or Sub- Registrar to be deemed a Civil Court

Section 387 - Discharge of offender on submission of apology

Section 388 - Imprisonment or committal of person refusing to answer or produce document

Section 389 - Summary procedure for punishment for non- attendance by a witness in obedience to summons

Section 390 - Appeals from convictions under sections 383, 384, 388 and 389

Section 391 - Certain Judges and Magistrates not to try certain offences when committed before themselves

CHAPTER XXIX - THE JUDGMENT

Section 392 - Judgment

Section 393 - Language and contents of judgment

Section 394 - Order for notifying address of previously convicted offender

Section 395 - Order to pay compensation

Section 396 - Victim compensation scheme

Section 397 - Treatment of victims

Section 398 - Witness protection scheme

Section 399 - Compensation to persons groundlessly arrested

Section 400 - Order to pay costs in non- cognizable cases

Section 401 - Order to release on probation of good conduct or after admonition

Section 402 - Special reasons to be recorded in certain cases

Section 403 - Court not to alter judgment

Section 404 - Copy of judgment to be given to accused and other persons

Section 405 - Judgment when to be translated

Section 406 - Court of Session to send copy of finding and sentence to District Magistrate

CHAPTER XXX - SUBMISSION OF DEATH SENTENCES FOR CONFIRMATION

Section 407 - Sentence of death to be submitted by Court of Session for confirmation

Section 408 - Power to direct further inquiry to be made or additional evidence to be taken

Section 409 - Power of High Court to confirm sentence or annul conviction

Section 410 - Confirmation or new sentence to be signed by two Judges

Section 411 - Procedure in case of difference of opinion

Section 412 - Procedure in cases submitted to High Court for confirmation

CHAPTER XXXI - APPEALS

Section 413 - No appeal to lie unless otherwise provided

Section 414 - Appeal from orders requiring security or refusal to accept or rejecting surety for keeping peace or good behaviour

Section 415 - Appeals from convictions

Section 416 - No appeal in certain cases when accused pleads guilty

Section 417 - No appeal in petty cases

Section 418 - Appeal by State Government against sentence

Section 419 - Appeal in case of acquittal

Section 420 - Appeal against conviction by High Court in certain cases

Section 421 - Special right of appeal in certain cases

Section 422 - Appeal to Court of Session how heard

Section 423 - Petition of appeal

Section 424 - Procedure when appellant in jail

Section 425 - Summary dismissal of appeal

Section 426 - Procedure for hearing appeals not dismissed summarily

Section 427 - Powers of Appellate Court

Section 428 - Judgments of subordinate Appellate Court

Section 429 - Order of High Court on appeal to be certified to lower Court

Section 430 - Suspension of sentence pending appeal; release of appellant on bail

Section 431 - Arrest of accused in appeal from acquittal

Section 432 - Appellate Court may take further evidence or direct it to be taken

Section 433 - Procedure where Judges of Court of appeal are equally divided

Section 434 - Finality of judgments and orders on appeal

Section 435 - Abatement of appeals

CHAPTER XXXII - REFERENCE AND REVISION

Section 436 - Reference to High Court

Section 437 - Disposal of case according to decision of High Court

Section 438 - Calling for records to exercise powers of revision

Section 439 - Power to order inquiry

Section 440 - Sessions Judge's powers of revision

Section 441 - Power of Additional Sessions Judge

Section 442 - High Court's powers of revision

Section 443 - Power of High Court to withdraw or transfer revision cases

Section 444 - Option of Court to hear parties

Section 445 - High Court's order to be certified to lower Court

CHAPTER XXXIII - TRANSFER OF CRIMINAL CASES

Section 446 - Power of Supreme Court to transfer cases and appeals

Section 447 - Power of High Court to transfer cases and appeals

Section 448 - Power of Sessions Judge to transfer cases and appeals

Section 449 - Withdrawal of cases and appeals by Sessions Judges

Section 450 - Withdrawal of cases by Judicial Magistrates

Section 451 - Making over or withdrawal of cases by Executive Magistrates

Section 452 - Reasons to be recorded

CHAPTER XXXIV - EXECUTION, SUSPENSION, REMISSION AND COMMUTATION OF SENTENCES

1. A.   Death sentences

Section 453 - Execution of order passed under section 409

Section 454 - Execution of sentence of death passed by High Court

Section 455 - Postponement of execution of sentence of death in case of appeal to Supreme Court

Section 456 - Commutation of sentence of death on pregnant woman

B.  Imprisonment

Section 457 - Power to appoint place of imprisonment

Section 458 - Execution of sentence of imprisonment Section 459 - Direction of warrant for execution

Section 460 - Warrant with whom to be lodged

1. A.  Levy of fine

Section 461 - Warrant for levy of fine

Section 462 - Effect of such warrant

Section 463 - Warrant for levy of fine issued by a Court in any territory to which this Sanhita does not extend

Section 464 - Suspension of execution of sentence of imprisonment

1. B.    General provisions regarding execution

Section 465 - Who may issue warrant

Section 466 - Sentence on escaped convict when to take effect

Section 467 - Sentence on offender already sentenced for another offence

Section  468  -  Period  of  detention  undergone  by  accused  to  be  set  off  against  sentence  of imprisonment

Section 469 - Saving

Section 470 - Return of warrant on execution of sentence

Section 471 - Money ordered to be paid recoverable as a fine

C. Suspension, remission and commutation of sentences

Section 472 - Mercy petition in death sentence cases

Section 473 - Power to suspend or remit sentences

Section 474 - Power to commute sentence

Section 475 - Restriction on powers of remission or commutation in certain cases

Section 476 - Concurrent power of Central Government in case of death sentences

Section 477 - State Government to act after concurrence with Central Government in certain cases

CHAPTER XXXV - PROVISIONS AS TO BAIL AND BONDS

Section 478 - In what cases bail to be taken

Section 479 - Maximum period for which undertrial prisoner can be detained

Section 480 - When bail may be taken in case of non- bailable offence

Section 481 - Bail to require accused to appear before next Appellate Court

Section 482 - Direction for grant of bail to person apprehending arrest  

Section 483 - Special powers of High Court or Court of Session regarding bail

Section 484 - Amount of bond and reduction thereof

Section 485 - Bond of accused and sureties

Section 486 - Declaration by sureties

Section 487 - Discharge from custody

Section 488 - Power to order sufficient bail when that first taken is insufficient

Section 489 - Discharge of sureties

Section 490 - Deposit instead of recognizance

Section 491 - Procedure when bond has been forfeited

Section 492 - Cancellation of bond and bail bond

Section 493 - Procedure in case of insolvency or death of surety or when a bond is forfeited

Section 494 - Bond required from child

Section 495 - Appeal from orders under section 491

Section 496 - Power to direct levy of amount due on certain recognizances

CHAPTER XXXVI - DISPOSAL OF PROPERTY

Section 497 - Order for custody and disposal of property pending trial in certain cases

Section 498 - Order for disposal of property at conclusion of trial

Section 499 - Payment to innocent purchaser of money found on accused

Section 500 - Appeal against orders under section 498 or section 499

Section 501 - Destruction of libellous and other matter

Section 502 - Power to restore possession of immovable property

Section 503 - Procedure by police upon seizure of property

Section 504 - Procedure where no claimant appears within six months

Section 505 - Power to sell perishable property

CHAPTER XXXVII - IRREGULAR PROCEEDINGS

Section 506 - Irregularities which do not vitiate proceedings

Section 507 - Irregularities which vitiate proceedings

Section 508 - Proceedings in wrong place

Section 509 - Non- compliance with provisions of section 183 or section 316

Section 510 - Effect of omission to frame, or absence of, or error in, charge

Section 511 - Finding or sentence when reversible by reason of error, omission or irregularity

Section 512 - Defect or error not to make attachment unlawful

CHAPTER XXXVIII - LIMITATION FOR TAKING COGNIZANCE OF CERTAIN OFFENCES

Section 513 - Definitions

Section 514 - Bar to taking cognizance after lapse of period of limitation

Section 515 - Commencement of period of limitation

Section 516 - Exclusion of time in certain cases

Section 517 - Exclusion of date on which Court is closed

Section 518 - Continuing offence

Section 519 - Extension of period of limitation in certain cases

CHAPTER XXXIX - MISCELLANEOUS

Section 520 - Trials before High Courts

Section 521 - Delivery to commanding officers of persons liable to be tried by Court- martial

Section 522 - Forms

Section 523 - Power of High Court to make rules

Section 524 - Power to alter functions allocated to Executive Magistrate in certain cases

Section 525 - Cases in which Judge or Magistrate is personally interested

Section 526 - Practising advocate not to sit as Magistrate in certain Courts  

Section 527 - Public servant concerned in sale not to purchase or bid for property

Section 528 - Saving of inherent powers of High Court

Section 529 - Duty of High Court to exercise continuous superintendence over Courts

Section 530 - Trial and proceedings to be held in electronic mode

Section 531 - Repeal and savings Schedule I - FIRST SCHEDULE Schedule II - SECOND SCHEDULE

Statement of Objects and Reasons - BHARATIYA NAGARIK SURAKSHA SANHITA, 2023