CHAPTER 1 to 20, Section 1 to 358, Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 - 2024

Preamble - THE BHARATIYA NYAYA SANHITA, 2023 - 2024

CHAPTER I - PRELIMINARY

Section 1 - Short title, commencement and application.

Section 2 - Definitions.

Section 3 - General explanations.

CHAPTER II - OF PUNISHMENTS

Section 4 - Punishments.

Section 5 - Commutation of sentence.

Section 6 - Fractions of terms of punishment.

Section 7 - Sentence may be (in certain cases of imprisonment) wholly or partly rigorous or simple.

Section 8 - Amount of fine, liability in default of payment of fine, etc.

Section 9 - Limit of punishment of offence made up of several offences.

Section 10 - Punishment of person guilty of one of several offences, judgment stating that it is doubtful of which.

Section 11 - Solitary confinement.

Section 12 - Limit of solitary confinement.

Section 13 - Enhanced punishment for certain offences after previous conviction.

CHAPTER III - GENERAL EXCEPTIONS

Section 14 - Act done by a person bound, or by mistake of fact believing himself bound, by law.

Section 15 - Act of Judge when acting judicially.

Section 16 - Act done pursuant to judgment or order of Court.

Section 17 - Act done by a person justified, or by mistake of fact believing himself justified, by law.

Section 18 - Accident in doing a lawful act.

Section 19 - Act likely to cause harm, but done without criminal intent, and to prevent other harm.

Section 20 - Act of a child under seven years of age.

Section 21 - Act of a child above seven and under twelve years of age of immature understanding.

Section 22 - Act of a person of unsound mind.

Section 23 - Act of a person incapable of judgment by reason of intoxication caused against his will.

Section 24 - Offence requiring a particular intent or knowledge committed by one who is intoxicated.

Section 25 - Act not intended and not known to be likely to cause death or grievous hurt, done by consent.

Section 26 - Act not intended to cause death, done by consent in good faith for person’s benefit.

Section 27 - Act done in good faith for benefit of child or person of unsound mind, by, or by consent of guardian.

Section 28 - Consent known to be given under fear or misconception.

Section 29 - Exclusion of acts which are offences independently of harm caused.

Section 30 - Act done in good faith for benefit of a person without consent.

Section 31 - Communication made in good faith.

Section 32 - Act to which a person is compelled by threats.

Section 33 - Act causing slight harm.

Of right of private defence

Section 34 - Things done in private defence.

Section 35 - Right of private defence of body and of property.

Section 36 - Right of private defence against act of a person of unsound mind, etc.

Section 37 - Acts against which there is no right of private defence.

Section 38 - When right of private defence of body extends to causing death.

Section 39 - When such right extends to causing any harm other than death.

Section 40 - Commencement and continuance of right of private defence of body.

Section 41 - When right of private defence of property extends to causing death.

Section 42 - When such right extends to causing any harm other than death.

Section 43 - Commencement and continuance of right of private defence of property.

Section 44 - Right of private defence against deadly assault when there is risk of harm to innocent person.

CHAPTER IV - OF ABETMENT, CRIMINAL CONSPIRACY AND ATTEMPT

Of abetment

Section 45 - Abetment of a thing.

Section 46 - Abettor.

Section 47 - Abetment in India of offences outside India.

Section 48 - Abetment outside India for offence in India.

Section 49 - Punishment of abetment if act abetted is committed in consequence and where no express provision is made for its punishment.

Section 50 - Punishment of abetment if person abetted does act with different intention from that of abettor.

Section 51 - Liability of abettor when one act abetted and different act done.

Section 52 - Abettor when liable to cumulative punishment for act abetted and for act done.

Section 53 - Liability of abettor for an effect caused by act abetted different from that intended by abettor.

Section 54 - Abettor present when offence is committed.

Section 55 - Abetment of offence punishable with death or imprisonment for life.

Section 56 - Abetment of offence punishable with imprisonment.

Section 57 - Abetting commission of offence by public or by more than ten persons.

Section 58 - Concealing design to commit offence punishable with death or imprisonment for life.

Section 59 - Public servant concealing design to commit offence which it is his duty to prevent.

Section 60 - Concealing design to commit offence punishable with imprisonment. Of criminal conspiracy

Section 61 - Criminal conspiracy.

Of attempt

Section    62 - Punishment for attempting to commit offences punishable with imprisonment for life or other imprisonment.

CHAPTER V - OF OFFENCES AGAINST WOMAN AND CHILD

Of sexual offences

Section 63 - Rape.

Section 64 - Punishment for rape.

Section 65 - Punishment for rape in certain cases.

Section 66 - Punishment for causing death or resulting in persistent vegetative state of victim.

Section 67 - Sexual intercourse by husband upon his wife during separation.

Section 68 - Sexual intercourse by a person in authority.

Section 69 - Sexual intercourse by employing deceitful means, etc.

Section 70 - Gang rape.

Section 71 - Punishment for repeat offenders.

Section 72 - Disclosure of identity of victim of certain offences, etc.

Section 73 - Printing or publishing of any matter relating to Court proceedings without permission.

Of criminal force and assault against woman

Section 74 - Assault or use of criminal force to woman with intent to outrage her modesty.

Section 75 - Sexual harassment.

Section 76 - Assault or use of criminal force to woman with intent to disrobe.

Section 77 - Voyeurism.

Section 78 - Stalking.

Section 79 - Word, gesture or act intended to insult modesty of a woman.

Of offences relating to marriage

Section 80 - Dowry death.

Section 81 - Cohabitation caused by man deceitfully inducing belief of lawful marriage.

Section 82 - Marrying again during lifetime of husband or wife.

Section 83 - Marriage ceremony fraudulently gone through without lawful marriage.

Section 84 - Enticing or taking away or detaining with criminal intent a married woman.

Section 85 - Husband or relative of husband of a woman subjecting her to cruelty.

Section 86 - Cruelty defined.

Section 87 - Kidnapping, abducting or inducing woman to compel her marriage, etc.

Of causing miscarriage, etc.

Section 88 - Causing miscarriage.

Section 89 - Causing miscarriage without woman’s consent.

Section 90 - Death caused by act done with intent to cause miscarriage.

Section 91 - Act done with intent to prevent child being born alive or to cause to die after birth.

Section 92 - Causing death of quick unborn child by act amounting to culpable homicide.

Of offences against child

Section 93 - Exposure and abandonment of child under twelve years of age, by parent or person having care of it.

Section 94 - Concealment of birth by secret disposal of dead body.

Section 95 - Hiring, employing or engaging a child to commit an offence.

Section 96 - Procuration of child.

Section 97 - Kidnapping or abducting child under ten years of age with intent to steal from its person.

Section 98 - Selling child for purposes of prostitution, etc.

Section 99 - Buying child for purposes of prostitution, etc.

CHAPTER VI - OF OFFENCES AFFECTING THE HUMAN BODY

Of offences affecting life

Section 100 - Culpable homicide.

Section 101 - Murder.

Section 102 - Culpable homicide by causing death of person other than person whose death was intended.

Section 103 - Punishment for murder.

Section 104 - Punishment for murder by life-convict.

Section 105 - Punishment for culpable homicide not amounting to murder.

Section 106 - Causing death by negligence.

Section 107 - Abetment of suicide of child or person of unsound mind.

Section 108 - Abetment of suicide.

Section 109 - Attempt to murder.

Section 110 - Attempt to commit culpable homicide.

Section 111 - Organised crime.

Section 112 - Petty organised crime.

Section 113 - Terrorist act.

Of hurt

Section 114 - Hurt.

Section 115 - Voluntarily causing hurt.

Section 116 - Grievous hurt.

Section 117 - Voluntarily causing grievous hurt.

Section 118 - Voluntarily causing hurt or grievous hurt by dangerous weapons or means.

Section 119 - Voluntarily causing hurt or grievous hurt to extort property, or to constrain to an illegal act.

Section 120 - Voluntarily causing hurt or grievous hurt to extort confession, or to compel restoration of property.

Section 121 - Voluntarily causing hurt or grievous hurt to deter public servant from his duty.

Section 122 - Voluntarily causing hurt or grievous hurt on provocation.

Section 123 - Causing hurt by means of poison, etc., with intent to commit an offence.

Section 124 - Voluntarily causing grievous hurt by use of acid, etc.

Section 125 - Act endangering life or personal safety of others.

Of wrongful restraint and wrongful confinement

Section 126 - Wrongful restraint.

Section 127 - Wrongful confinement.

Of criminal force and assault

Section 128 - Force.

Section 129 - Criminal force.

Section 130 - Assault.

Section 131 - Punishment for assault or criminal force otherwise than on grave provocation.

Section 132 - Assault or criminal force to deter public servant from discharge of his duty.

Section 133 - Assault or criminal force with intent to dishonour person, otherwise than on grave provocation.

Section 134 - Assault or criminal force in attempt to commit theft of property carried by a person.

Section 135 - Assault or criminal force in attempt to wrongfully confine a person.

Section 136 - Assault or criminal force on grave provocation.

Of kidnapping, abduction, slavery and forced labour Section 137 - Kidnapping.

Section 138 - Abduction.

Section 139 - Kidnapping or maiming a child for purposes of begging.

Section 140 - Kidnapping or abducting in order to murder or for ransom, etc.

Section 141 - Importation of girl or boy from foreign country.

Section 142 - Wrongfully concealing or keeping in confinement, kidnapped or abducted person.

Section 143 - Trafficking of person.

Section 144 - Exploitation of a trafficked person.

Section 145 - Habitual dealing in slaves.

Section 146 - Unlawful compulsory labour.

CHAPTER VII - OF OFFENCES AGAINST THE STATE

Section 147 - Waging, or attempting to wage war, or abetting waging of war, against Government of India.

Section 148 - Conspiracy to commit offences punishable by section 147.

Section 149 - Collecting arms, etc., with intention of waging war against Government of India.

Section 150 - Concealing with intent to facilitate design to wage war.

Section 151 - Assaulting President, Governor, etc., with intent to compel or restrain exercise of any lawful power.

Section 152 - Act endangering sovereignty, unity and integrity of India.

Section 153 - Waging war against Government of any foreign State at peace with Government of India.

Section 154 - Committing depredation on territories of foreign State at peace with Government of India.

Section 155 - Receiving property taken by war or depredation mentioned in sections 153 and 154.

Section 156 - Public servant voluntarily allowing prisoner of State or war to escape.

Section 157 - Public servant negligently suffering such prisoner to escape.

Section 158 - Aiding escape of, rescuing or harbouring such prisoner.

CHAPTER VIII - OF OFFENCES RELATING TO THE ARMY, NAVY AND AIR FORCE

Section 159 - Abetting mutiny, or attempting to seduce a soldier, sailor or airman from his duty.

Section 160 - Abetment of mutiny, if mutiny is committed in consequence thereof.

Section 161 - Abetment of assault by soldier, sailor or airman on his superior officer, when in execution of his office.

Section 162 - Abetment of such assault, if assault committed.

Section 163 - Abetment of desertion of soldier, sailor or airman.

Section 164 - Harbouring deserter.

Section 165 - Deserter concealed on board merchant vessel through negligence of master.

Section 166 - Abetment of act of insubordination by soldier, sailor or airman.

Section 167 - Persons subject to certain Acts.

Section 168 - Wearing garb or carrying token used by soldier, sailor or airman.

CHAPTER IX - OF OFFENCES RELATING TO ELECTIONS Section 169 - Candidate, electoral right defined. Section 170 - Bribery.

Section 171 - Undue influence at elections.

Section 172 - Personation at elections.

Section 173 - Punishment for bribery.

Section 174 - Punishment for undue influence or personation at an election.

Section 175 - False statement in connection with an election.

Section 176 - Illegal payments in connection with an election.

Section 177 - Failure to keep election accounts.

CHAPTER X - OF OFFENCES RELATING TO COIN, CURRENCY-NOTES, BANK-NOTES, AND GOVERNMENT STAMPS

Section 178 - Counterfeiting coin, Government stamps, currency-notes or bank-notes.

Section 179 - Using as genuine, forged or counterfeit coin, Government stamp, currency-notes or bank-notes.

Section 180 - Possession of forged or counterfeit coin, Government stamp, currency-notes or bank-notes.

Section 181 - Making or possessing instruments or materials for forging or counterfeiting coin, Government stamp, currency-notes or bank-notes.

Section 182 - Making or using documents resembling currency-notes or bank-notes.

Section 183 - Effacing writing from substance bearing Government stamp, or removing from document a stamp used for it, with intent to cause loss to Government.

Section 184 - Using Government stamp known to have been before used.

Section 185 - Erasure of mark denoting that stamp has been used.

Section 186 - Prohibition of fictitious stamps.

Section 187 - Person employed in mint causing coin to be of different weight or composition from that fixed by law.

Section 188 - Unlawfully taking coining instrument from mint.

CHAPTER XI - OF OFFENCES AGAINST THE PUBLIC TRANQUILLITY

Section 189 - Unlawful assembly.

Section 190 - Every member of unlawful assembly guilty of offence committed in prosecution of common object.

Section 191 - Rioting.

Section 192 - Wantonly giving provocation with intent to cause riot-if rioting be committed; if not committed.

Section 193 - Liability of owner, occupier, etc., of land on which an unlawful assembly or riot takes place.

Section 194 - Affray.

Section 195 - Assaulting or obstructing public servant when suppressing riot, etc.

Section 196 - Promoting enmity between different groups on grounds of religion, race, place of birth, residence, language, etc., and doing acts prejudicial to maintenance of harmony.

Section 197 - Imputations, assertions prejudicial to national integration.

CHAPTER XII - OF OFFENCES BY OR RELATING TO PUBLIC SERVANTS Section 198 - Public servant disobeying law, with intent to cause injury to any person. Section 199 - Public servant disobeying direction under law. Section 200 - Punishment for non-treatment of victim.

Section 201 - Public servant framing an incorrect document with intent to cause injury.

Section 202 - Public servant unlawfully engaging in trade.

Section 203 - Public servant unlawfully buying or bidding for property.

Section 204 - Personating a public servant.

Section 205 - Wearing garb or carrying token used by public servant with fraudulent intent.

CHAPTER XIII - OF CONTEMPTS OF THE LAWFUL AUTHORITY OF PUBLIC SERVANTS

Section 206 - Absconding to avoid service of summons or other proceeding.

Section 207 - Preventing service of summons or other proceeding, or preventing publication thereof.

Section 208 - Non-attendance in obedience to an order from public servant.

Section 209 - Non-appearance in response to a proclamation under section 84 of Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023.

Section 210 - Omission to produce document or electronic record to public servant by person legally bound to produce it.

Section 211 - Omission to give notice or information to public servant by person legally bound to give it.

Section 212 - Furnishing false information.

Section 213 - Refusing oath or affirmation when duly required by public servant to make it.

Section 214 - Refusing to answer public servant authorised to question.

Section 215 - Refusing to sign statement.

Section 216 - False statement on oath or affirmation to public servant or person authorised to administer an oath or affirmation.

Section 217 - False information, with intent to cause public servant to use his lawful power to injury of another person.

Section 218 - Resistance to taking of property by lawful authority of a public servant.

Section 219 - Obstructing sale of property offered for sale by authority of public servant.

Section 220 - Illegal purchase or bid for property offered for sale by authority of public servant.

Section 221 - Obstructing public servant in discharge of public functions.

Section 222 - Omission to assist public servant when bound by law to give assistance.

Section 223 - Disobedience to order duly promulgated by public servant.

Section 224 - Threat of injury to public servant.

Section 225 - Threat of injury to induce person to refrain from applying for protection to public servant.

Section 226 - Attempt to commit suicide to compel or restrain exercise of lawful power.

CHAPTER XIV - OF FALSE EVIDENCE AND OFFENCES AGAINST PUBLIC JUSTICE

Section 227 - Giving false evidence.

Section 228 - Fabricating false evidence.

Section 229 - Punishment for false evidence.

Section 230 - Giving or fabricating false evidence with intent to procure conviction of capital offence.

Section 231 - Giving or fabricating false evidence with intent to procure conviction of offence punishable with imprisonment for life or imprisonment.

Section 232 - Threatening any person to give false evidence.

Section 233 - Using evidence known to be false.

Section 234 - Issuing or signing false certificate.

Section 235 - Using as true a certificate known to be false.

Section 236 - False statement made in declaration which is by law receivable as evidence.

Section 237 - Using as true such declaration knowing it to be false.

Section 238 - Causing disappearance of evidence of offence, or giving false information to screen offender.

Section 239 - Intentional omission to give information of offence by person bound to inform.

Section 240 - Giving false information respecting an offence committed.

Section 241 - Destruction of document or electronic record to prevent its production as evidence.

Section 242 - False personation for purpose of act or proceeding in suit or prosecution.

Section 243 - Fraudulent removal or concealment of property to prevent its seizure as forfeited or in execution.

Section 244 - Fraudulent claim to property to prevent its seizure as forfeited or in execution.

Section 245 - Fraudulently suffering decree for sum not due.

Section 246 - Dishonestly making false claim in Court.

Section 247 - Fraudulently obtaining decree for sum not due.

Section 248 - False charge of offence made with intent to injure.

Section 249 - Harbouring offender.

Section 250 - Taking gift, etc., to screen an offender from punishment.

Section 251 - Offering gift or restoration of property in consideration of screening offender.

Section 252 - Taking gift to help to recover stolen property, etc.

Section 253 - Harbouring offender who has escaped from custody or whose apprehension has been ordered.

Section 254 - Penalty for harbouring robbers or dacoits.

Section 255 - Public servant disobeying direction of law with intent to save person from punishment or property from forfeiture.

Section 256 - Public servant framing incorrect record or writing with intent to save person from punishment or property from forfeiture.

Section 257 - Public servant in judicial proceeding corruptly making report, etc., contrary to law.

Section 258 - Commitment for trial or confinement by person having authority who knows that he is acting contrary to law.

Section 259 - Intentional omission to apprehend on part of public servant bound to apprehend.

Section 260 - Intentional omission to apprehend on part of public servant bound to apprehend person under sentence or lawfully committed.

Section 261 - Escape from confinement or custody negligently suffered by public servant.

Section 262 - Resistance or obstruction by a person to his lawful apprehension.

Section 263 - Resistance or obstruction to lawful apprehension of another person.

Section 264 - Omission to apprehend, or sufferance of escape, on part of public servant, in cases not otherwise provided for.

Section 265 - Resistance or obstruction to lawful apprehension or escape or rescue in cases not otherwise provided for.

Section 266 - Violation of condition of remission of punishment.

Section 267 - Intentional insult or interruption to public servant sitting in judicial proceeding.

Section 268 - Personation of assessor.

Section 269 - Failure by person released on bail bond or bond to appear in Court.

CHAPTER XV - OF OFFENCES AFFECTING THE PUBLIC HEALTH, SAFETY,

CONVENIENCE, DECENCY AND MORALS Section 270 - Public nuisance.

Section 271 - Negligent act likely to spread infection of disease dangerous to life.

Section 272 - Malignant act likely to spread infection of disease dangerous to life.

Section 273 - Disobedience to quarantine rule.

Section 274 - Adulteration of food or drink intended for sale.

Section 275 - Sale of noxious food or drink.

Section 276 - Adulteration of drugs.

Section 277 - Sale of adulterated drugs.

Section 278 - Sale of drug as a different drug or preparation.

Section 279 - Fouling water of public spring or reservoir.

Section 280 - Making atmosphere noxious to health.

Section 281 - Rash driving or riding on a public way.

Section 282 - Rash navigation of vessel.

Section 283 - Exhibition of false light, mark or buoy.

Section 284 - Conveying person by water for hire in unsafe or overloaded vessel.

Section 285 - Danger or obstruction in public way or line of navigation.

Section 286 - Negligent conduct with respect to poisonous substance.

Section 287 - Negligent conduct with respect to fire or combustible matter.

Section 288 - Negligent conduct with respect to explosive substance.

Section 289 - Negligent conduct with respect to machinery.

Section 290 - Negligent conduct with respect to pulling down, repairing or constructing buildings, etc.

Section 291 - Negligent conduct with respect to animal.

Section 292 - Punishment for public nuisance in cases not otherwise provided for.

Section 293 - Continuance of nuisance after injunction to discontinue.

Section 294 - Sale, etc., of obscene books, etc.

Section 295 - Sale, etc., of obscene objects to child.

Section 296 - Obscene acts and songs.

Section 297 - Keeping lottery office.

CHAPTER XVI - OF OFFENCES RELATING TO RELIGION

Section 298 - Injuring or defiling place of worship with intent to insult religion of any class.

Section 299 - Deliberate and malicious acts, intended to outrage religious feelings of any class by insulting its religion or religious beliefs.

Section 300 - Disturbing religious assembly.

Section 301 - Trespassing on burial places, etc.

Section 302 - Uttering words, etc., with deliberate intent to wound religious feelings of any person.

CHAPTER XVII - OF OFFENCES AGAINST PROPERTY

Of theft

Section 303 - Theft.

Section 304 - Snatching.

Section 305 - Theft in a dwelling house, or means of transportation or place of worship, etc.

Section 306 - Theft by clerk or servant of property in possession of master.

Section 307 - Theft after preparation made for causing death, hurt or restraint in order to committing of theft.

Of extortion

Section 308 - Extortion.

Of robbery and dacoity

Section 309 - Robbery.

Section 310 - Dacoity.

Section 311 - Robbery, or dacoity, with attempt to cause death or grievous hurt.

Section 312 - Attempt to commit robbery or dacoity when armed with deadly weapon.

Section 313 - Punishment for belonging to gang of robbers, etc. Of criminal misappropriation of property

Section 314 - Dishonest misappropriation of property.

Section 315 - Dishonest misappropriation of property possessed by deceased person at the time of his death.

Of criminal breach of trust

Section 316 - Criminal breach of trust.

Of receiving stolen property

Section 317 - Stolen property.

Of cheating

Section 318 - Cheating.

Section 319 - Cheating by personation.

Of fraudulent deeds and dispositions of property

Section 320 - Dishonest or fraudulent removal or concealment of property to prevent distribution among creditors.

Section 321 - Dishonestly or fraudulently preventing debt being available for creditors.

Section 322 - Dishonest or fraudulent execution of deed of transfer containing false statement of consideration.

Section 323 - Dishonest or fraudulent removal or concealment of property.

Of mischief

Section 324 - Mischief.

Section 325 - Mischief by killing or maiming animal.

Section 326 - Mischief by injury, inundation, fire or explosive substance, etc.


Section 327 - Mischief with intent to destroy or make unsafe a rail, aircraft, decked vessel or one of twenty tons burden.

Section 328 - Punishment for intentionally running vessel aground or ashore with intent to commit theft, etc.

Of criminal trespass

Section 329 - Criminal trespass and house-trespass.

Section 330 - House-trespass and house-breaking.

Section 331 - Punishment for house-trespass or house-breaking.

Section 332 - House-trespass in order to commit offence.

Section 333 - House-trespass after preparation for hurt, assault or wrongful restraint.

Section 334 - Dishonestly breaking open receptacle containing property.

CHAPTER XVIII - OF OFFENCES RELATING TO DOCUMENTS AND TO
PROPERTY MARKS

Section 335 - Making a false document.

Section 336 - Forgery.

Section 337 - Forgery of record of Court or of public register, etc.

Section 338 - Forgery of valuable security, will, etc.

Section 339 - Having possession of document described in section 337 or section 338, knowing it to be forged and intending to use it as genuine.

Section 340 - Forged document or electronic record and using it as genuine.

Section 341 - Making or possessing counterfeit seal, etc., with intent to commit forgery punishable under section 338.

Section 342 - Counterfeiting device or mark used for authenticating documents described in section 338, or possessing counterfeit marked material.

Section 343 - Fraudulent cancellation, destruction, etc., of will, authority to adopt, or valuable security.

Section 344 - Falsification of accounts.

Of property marks

Section 345 - Property mark.

Section 346 - Tampering with property mark with intent to cause injury.

Section 347 - Counterfeiting a property mark.

Section 348 - Making or possession of any instrument for counterfeiting a property mark.

Section 349 - Selling goods marked with a counterfeit property mark.

Section 350 - Making a false mark upon any receptacle containing goods.

CHAPTER XIX - OF CRIMINAL INTIMIDATION, INSULT, ANNOYANCE,
DEFAMATION, ETC.

Section 351 - Criminal intimidation.

Section 352 - Intentional insult with intent to provoke breach of peace.

Section 353 - Statements conducing to public mischief.

Section 354 - Act caused by inducing person to believe that he will be rendered an object of Divine displeasure.

Section 355 - Misconduct in public by a drunken person.

Of defamation

Section 356 - Defamation.

Of breach of contract to attend on and supply wants of helpless person Section 357 - Breach of contract to attend on and supply wants of helpless person.

CHAPTER XX - REPEAL AND SAVINGS Section 358 - Repeal and savings.

Statement of Objects and Reasons - STATEMENT OF OBJECTS AND REASONS