Development and Welfare State

 What is welfare state development?

The welfare state is a way of governing in which the state or an established group of social institutions provides basic economic security for its citizens. By definition, in a welfare state, the government is responsible for the individual and social welfare of its citizens.

What are the reasons for the development of the welfare state?

The concept of welfare state emerged in 1930s and 1940s. Unlike the concept of state which was adopted during World War II and which aimed for providing sufficient money to cover the need of army in far, welfare state aims at providing social policy, health services and thus providing social needs

What is a welfare state explain?

A welfare state is a state that is committed to providing basic economic security for its citizens by protecting them from market risks associated with old age, unemployment, accidents, and sickness. The term 'welfare state' first emerged in the UK during World War II.

What is development state?

A developmental state is characterized by having strong state intervention, as well as extensive regulation and planning. The term has subsequently been used to describe countries outside East Asia that satisfy the criteria of a developmental state.

What are the 3 welfare states?

Specifically, in his typology, Esping-Andersen identifies three types of welfare state regimes by which advanced capitalist democracies can be categorized: liberal, conserva- tive, and social democratic.

What is the role of social welfare and development?

The Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) is mandated by law to develop, administer and implement comprehensive social welfare programs designed to uplift the living conditions and empower the disadvantaged children, youth, women, older persons, person with disabilities, families in crisis or at-risk

What is a welfare state example?

A welfare state is a type of government responsible for its citizens' basic social and economic security. It is an inherent function of every form of government, especially democracies. Common welfare activities undertaken by the state include free health care and education, pensions, welfare payments, etc.

What is the importance of welfare?

Welfare programs are usually funded by the taxpayers and enable people to overcome financial stress during the rough periods of their lives. Mostly, people using welfare will get a biweekly or monthly payment. The goals of welfare can be promoting work, education, or providing a better standard of living.

Why welfare system is important?

The purpose of the welfare system is to support wellbeing by: providing social and financial security sufficient for an adequate standard of living.

Democracy

 What is a simple definition of democracy?

The word democracy comes from the Greek words "demos", meaning people, and "kratos" meaning power; so democracy can be thought of as "power of the people": a way of governing which depends on the will of the people.

What are the 3 types of democracy?

Different types of democracies

Direct democracy.

Representative democracy.

Constitutional democracy.

Monitory democracy.

What is the main idea of democracy?

However, the main idea of democracy is widely accepted to have originated from Athens in the 5th century BC. The Webster New Encyclopaedic Dictionary (1995) defines democracy as a government in which supreme power is invested in the people and exercised by them directly or indirectly through representation.

What is democracy in a country?

Democracy means rule by the people. The word comes from the ancient Greek words 'demos' (the people) and 'kratos' (to rule). A democratic country has a system of government in which the people have the power to participate in decision-making. Each democracy is unique and works in different ways.

What words describe democracy?

synonyms for democracy

equality.

freedom.

justice.

commonwealth.

egalitarianism.

emancipation.

equalitarianism.

republic.

Why is democracy in Short answer?

Democracy helps citizens to choose their leaders to run the government by free and fair elections. Democracy provides equal rights among citizens on the basis of caste, religion and sex. Democracy enhances the quality of decision-making and also improves the dignity of citizens.

Why is democracy important?

Supporting democracy not only promotes such fundamental American values as religious freedom and worker rights, but also helps create a more secure, stable, and prosperous global arena in which the United States can advance its national interests.

Who invented democracy?

The ancient Greeks were the first to create a democracy. The word “democracy” comes from two Greek words that mean people (demos) and rule (kratos).

What are the 2 main types of democracy?

A liberal democracy is a representative democracy with protection for individual liberty and property by rule of law. In contrast, a defensive democracy limits some rights and freedoms in order to protect the institutions of the democracy.

What is the example of democracy?

The United States and Nigeria are examples of presidential democracies. The executive branch includes the president and his cabinet. Along with the judicial and legislative branch, the three branches of government work to keep checks and balances, but the president has final say.

Equality and Justice

Equality refers to accepting and giving everyone equal position or treatment by the society whereas justice refers to the quality of being just, righteous or fair in every aspect.

What is the relationship between equity and justice?

Equity is concerned with fairness and social justice and aims to focus on a concern for people's needs, instead of providing services that reach the greatest number of people. The equity paradigm promotes investing in the transmission of services to people who need them most.

What is the role of equality in justice?

Equality is when each person is seen as equal in the eyes of the law. A government that protects human rights makes one set of laws for everyone, not different laws for different people. In the past, the law has discriminated against some groups based on their race, religion, gender, or sexuality.

What is the difference between equity and justice?

Practicing equity helps address imbalanced social systems. However, justice can take equity one step further by changing societal systems in order to achieve sustainable and equitable access for future generations in the long-term.

Why is equality and justice important for society?

Societies that are more equal are better off. The economies function in a better way, the education system is more efficient, in average, the people are healthier, live longer and are more content with their opportunities in life.

 

Rights and liberties

Rights and liberties are not separate concepts. Since, liberty means the mainte­nance of an atmosphere in which men will have the scope to fulfill their good aim Viewed from this angle liberty can reasonably be regarded as the product of rights.

Article 5 protects your right to liberty and security

It focuses on protecting individuals' freedom from unreasonable detention, as opposed to protecting personal safety. You have a right to your personal freedom. This means you must not be imprisoned or detained without good reason.

Is rights and liberty same?

Liberty rights and claim rights are the inverse of one another: a person has a liberty right permitting him to do something only if there is no other person who has a claim right forbidding him from doing so; and likewise, if a person has a claim right against someone else, that other person's liberty is thus limited.

What is the difference between rights duties and liberties?

Rights and duties are interrelated in every social and political activity of man. While rights exalt individual liberty, duties express the dignity of that liberty. Duties of a juridical nature presuppose others of a moral nature which support them in principle and constitute their basis.

What is the relationship between human rights and liberty?

The Human Rights Act states that every person has the right to liberty and security. This right protects against the unlawful or arbitrary deprivation of liberty. A person who is arrested or detained is entitled to certain minimum rights. They also have a right to a brought to a trial without unreasonable delay.

What is liberty explain?

Liberty is the ability to do as one pleases, or a right or immunity enjoyed by prescription or by grant (i.e. privilege). It is a synonym for the word freedom.

Citizenship

Citizenship is a "relationship between an individual and a state to which the individual owes allegiance and in turn is entitled to its protection". Each state determines the conditions

What do you mean by citizenship?

Citizenship, relationship between an individual and a state to which the individual owes allegiance and in turn is entitled to its protection. Citizenship implies the status of freedom with accompanying responsibilities.

What is the legal status of a citizen?

Citizenship is the status of a person recognized under law as being a legal member of a sovereign state or belonging to a nation. In India, Articles 5 – 11 of the Constitution deals with the concept of citizenship.

Who is a citizen of the country of birth?

Some people are automatically citizens of the state in which they are born. This form of citizenship originated in England, where those who were born within the realm were subjects of the monarch (a concept pre-dating citizenship) and is common in common law countries.

Who has the right to make any provision about citizenship?

The Parliament has the right to make any provision concerning the acquisition and termination of citizenship and any other matter relating to citizenship. Citizenship in India is governed by Articles 5 – 11 (Part II) of the Constitution. The Citizenship Act, 1955 is the legislation dealing with citizenship.

Sovereignty

 Sovereignty is the defining authority within individual consciousness, social construct, or territory. Sovereignty entails hierarchy within the state, as well as external autonomy for states.

What is sovereignty?

Sovereignty is a term that is used to refer to the independence and autonomy of modern nation states.

Is sovereignty the supreme power in a state?

It is the supreme power in a state and we might just well speak of half square or half a triangle as half a sovereignty”. Gettell, has also very aptly remarked in this regard, “If sovereignty is not absolute, no state exists. If sovereignty is divided, more than one state exists”.

What is the difference between law and internal sovereignty?

Internal sovereignty means the sovereign power of the state by which the state exercises ultimate power over all persons, groups, and institutions within it. The law is the ultimate order of the sovereign within the geographical boundaries of the state.

What if sovereignty is not absolute?

Gettell, has also very aptly remarked in this regard, “If sovereignty is not absolute, no state exists. If sovereignty is divided, more than one state exists”. Sovereignty is absolute and unlimited. The sovereign is entitled to do whatsoever he likes.

State : Origin and Development

 The earliest attempt at sociological study can be traced to ancient philosopher Confucius (551-479 BC) writings on the importance of social roles. Some consider Ibn Khaldun, a 14th century Arab Islamic scholar from North Africa, to have been the first sociologist.

What is the origin and development of the human heart?

Origin and development. In the embryo, formation of the heart begins in the pharyngeal, or throat, region. The first visible indication of the embryonic heart occurs in the undifferentiated mesoderm, the middle of the three primary layers in the embryo, as a thickening of invading cells.

When did the word come gradually into existence or operation emerge?

The modern uses are figurative and emerged in English 18c. and after: Transitive meaning "unfold more fully, bring out the potential in" is by 1750; intransitive sense of "come gradually into existence or operation" is by 1793; that of "advance from one stage to another toward a finished state" is by 1843.

What is the origin of the essay?

The foundation of the essay can be traced to ancient Greece and Rome, though it did not flourish there. The French writer, Montaigne, has been given the honour of being the first man to write essays. His prose compositions were written under the name of ‘essais.’

What is the originality of the European Union?

The originality of the European Union derives from the special way in which its various constituent parts have evolved.

Francis Bacon

Bacon’s position in the history of English essay is unique. To him belongs the credit of having written essays first of all in the English language.

Ben Jonson

There were a few writers, however, in the age of Bacon who continued the personal vein in their essays introduced by Montaigne, and the foremost among them was Ben Jonson, whose forceful personality continually breaks through his Discoveries.

Power and Authority

 Power and authority are both methods of influencing other people. Power is a personal trait derived from knowledge and expertise, while authority is a formal title or position given by an organization or another personal. Authority is legitimate and formal, while power is neither.

What is power and authority in management?

When the question is about influencing or manipulating others, two things go that side by side in the field of management are Power and Authority. These two are used to make people respond in the manner directed. Power is referred to as the capacity of an individual to influence the will or conduct of others.

What is the nature of authority?

It means that authority, whatever may its nature be, is always based on law or legitimacy. So it is said that the authority is not only legal but authorities claim is based on right. In other words, authority has full freedom to demand something. We can say that authority has freedom. But this conception is not applicable to power.

What is traditional authority?

As the name implies, traditional authority is power that is rooted in traditional, or long-standing, beliefs and practices of a society. It exists and is assigned to particular individuals because of that society’s customs and traditions.

What is the difference between power vs influence vs Authority?

However, it’s important to note that there is a difference between power vs. influence. Authority is the legitimate power that a person or group is granted to practice over others within an organization. 

2. Source The source of power depends on the type of power. Some people see power as something they receive from an external source.

Nature and Significance of Political Theory

Nature and Significance of Political Theory. Political theory is a body of knowledge related to the phenomenon of the state. While theory refers to a systematic knowledge, political refers to matters of public concern.

What is the significance of political theory?

The significance of political theory lies in providing the moral criteria that ought to be used to judge the ethical worth of a political state and to propose alternative political arrangements and practices likely to meet the moral standards.

What is political philosophy and why is it important?

Political philosophy is concerned with certain universal questions in man's political life, such as the nature and purpose of political organisation, the basis of political authority, the nature of rights, liberty, equality, and justice, to name a few.

What are the basic issues of political theory?

Now, the basic issues of political theory become liberty of the individual, the rights, equality, property, justice, sovereignty etc. The significance of political theory lies in its understanding and explains the political realities and if necessary to change it.

What is political hypothesis?

Generally it is the speculation of a single individual who is attempting to offer us a theoretical explanation of the political reality i.e., the phenomena of the state. Every theory by its very nature is an explanation, built upon certain hypothesis which may be valid (or not) and which are always open to criticism.